CCNA 4 v3.1 Module 1 Scaling IP Addresses

1. CCNA 4 v3.1 Module 1Scaling IP Addresses

2. Purpose of This PowerPoint • This PowerPoint primarily consists of the Target Indicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version 3.1. • It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to take and modify as their own. • This PowerPoint is: • NOT a study guide for the module final assessment. • NOT a study guide for the CCNA certification exam. • Please report any mistakes you find in this PowerPoint by using the Academy Connection Help link.

3. To Locate Instructional Resource Materials on Academy Connection: • Go to the Community FTP Center to locate materials created by the instructor community • Go to the Tools section • Go to the Alpha Preview section • Go to the Community link under Resources • See the resources available on the Class home page for classes you are offering • Search http://www.cisco.com • Contact your parent academy!

4. Objectives

5. Private Addressing

6. NAT • A NAT-enabled device typically operates at the border of a stub network.

7. NAT Terms • Inside Local Addresses – An IP address assigned to a host inside a network. This address is likely to be a RFC 1918 private address. • Inside Global Address – A legitimate IP address assigned by the NIC or service provider that represents one or more inside local IP address to the outside world. • Outside Local Address - The IP address of an outside host as it known to the hosts in the inside network. • Outside Global Address - The IP address assigned to a host on the outside network. The owner of the host assigns this address.

8. DA DA 10.0.0.10 179.9.8.10 NAT Table Inside Local IP Address Inside Global IP Address 10.0.0.2 179.9.8.80 10.0.0.10 179.9.8.10 NAT Features • Static NAT is designed to allow one-to-one mapping of local and global addresses. Inside http://179.9.8.10 Outside 10.0.0.10 Internet 10.0.0.2

9. NAT Table SA SA Inside Local IP Address Inside Global IP Address 179.8.9.80 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.2 179.9.8.80 10.0.0.10 179.9.8.10 NAT Features • Dynamic NAT is designed to map a private IP address to a public address. Inside Outside 10.0.0.10 Internet 10.0.0.2

10. SA SA 179.9.8.80:2333 179.9.8.80:1345 SA SA 10.0.0.2:1456 10.0.0.3:2333 NAT Table Inside Local IP Address Inside Global IP Address Outside Local IP Address Outside Global IP Address 10.0.0.2:1456 179.9.8.80:1456 202.6.3.2:80 202.6.3.2:80 10.0.0.3:2333 179.9.8.80:2333 126.23.2.2:80 126.23.2.2:80 PAT Features • PAT uses unique source port numbers on the inside global IP address to distinguish between translations. Inside Outside 202.6.3.2 10.0.0.3 Internet 126.23.2.2 10.0.0.2

11. NAT Benefits • Eliminates re-assigning each host a new IP address when changing to a new ISP • Eliminates the need to re-address all hosts that require external access, saving time and money • Conserves addresses through application port-level multiplexing • Protects network security

12. Configuring Static NAT Translations • Static translation are entered directly into the configuration and are permanent in the translation table Router(config)#ip nat inside source static 10.6.1.20 171.69.68.10

13. Inside/Outside interface Outside Network Inside Network Inside Interface • An interface on the router can be defined as inside or outside • Translations occur only from inside to outside interfaces or vice versa—never between the same type of interface Outside Interface NAT Outside Host Inside Host ip nat inside ip nat outside Router(config-if)#ip nat inside

14. Configuring Static NAT

15. Dynamic Translations • Dynamic translation specify the pool of global addresses that inside addresses can be translated into Router(config)#ip nat pool nat-pool 179.9.8.80 179.9.8.95 netmask 255.255.255.240 • Dynamic translations use access lists to identify IP addresses that NAT should create translations for Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool nat-pool Router(config)#access-list 1 permit 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255

16. Configuring Dynamic NAT

17. Configuring PAT • Establishes overload translation, specifying the IP address to be overloaded as that assigned to an outside interface Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial0/0 overload • Establishes overload translation, specifying the IP address to be overloaded as that assigned to a pool name Router(config)# ip nat pool nat-pool2 179.9.8.20 netmask 255.255.255.240 Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1pool nat-pool2 overload

18. Configuring PAT

19. Clearing the NAT Translation Table Router#clear ip nat translation * • Clears all dynamic address translation entries

20. Verifying NAT and PAT Configuration

21. Troubleshooting NAT and PAT

22. Issues With NAT

23. DHCP works by providing a process for a server to allocate the IP information to clients. DHCP

24. DHCP • Clients lease the information from the server for an administratively defined period.

25. BOOTP and DHCP Differences • DHCP defines mechanisms through which clients can be assigned an IP address for a finite lease period. This lease period allows for re-assignment of the IP address to another client later, or for the client to get another assignment, if the client moves to another subnet. Clients may also renew leases and keep the same IP address. • DHCP provides the mechanism for a client to gather other IP configuration parameters, such as WINS and domain name.

26. Major DHCP Features • Automatic Allocation • Manual Allocation • Dynamic Allocation

27. DHCP Operation

28. The Order of DHCP Messages Transmitting

29. Configuring DHCP

30. Configuring DHCP While Excluding IP

31. Verifying DHCP

32. Troubleshooting DHCP

33. DHCP Relay

34. Summary