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ALTERATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

ALTERATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF A CVA. Clinical Manifestations. Vary dependent on the cerebral artery involved S & S always sudden on onset Focal and usually one sided Commonly weakness involving face & arm Changes with the senses

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ALTERATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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  1. ALTERATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF A CVA

  2. Clinical Manifestations • Vary dependent on the cerebral artery involved • S & S always sudden on onset • Focal and usually one sided • Commonly weakness involving face & arm • Changes with the senses • Opposite side of brain affected

  3. Homonymous Hemianopsia

  4. Cerebrovascular AccidentClinical ManifestationsRight Brain – Left Brain Damage

  5. Clinical Manifestations • Motor Function Impairment • Caused by destruction of motor neurons in the pyramidal pathway (brain to spinal cord) • Mobility • Respiratory function • Swallowing and speech • Gag reflex • Self-care activities

  6. Clinical Manifestations • Affect • Difficulty controlling emotions • Exaggerated or unpredictable emotional response • Depression / feelings regarding changed body image and loss of function

  7. Clinical Manifestations • Intellectual Function • Memory and judgment • Left-brain stroke: cautious in making judgments • Right-brain stroke: impulsive & moves quickly to decisions • Difficulties in learning new skills

  8. Cerebrovascular AccidentClinical Manifestations • Communication • Receptive Aphasia (Wernicke’s area): impaired comprehension of language – spoken & written • Expressive Aphasia (Broca’s area): difficulty in speaking and writing • Dysarthria: poor control of muscles for speech

  9. Clinical Manifestations • Spatial-Perceptual Alterations • 1. Incorrect perception of self & illness • 2. Neglect syndrome: unaware of the existence of the affected side • 3. Agnosia: Inability to recognize an object by sight, touch or hearing • 4. Apraxia: Inability to carry out learned sequential movements on command

  10. Clinical Manifestations • Elimination • Most problems occur initially and are temporary • One hemisphere stroke: prognosis is excellent for normal bladder function • Bowel elimination: constipation associated with immobility, weak abdominal muscles, dehydration

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