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2. Introduction to Prophecy

I. Introduction. A. What is a

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2. Introduction to Prophecy

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    1. 2. Introduction to Prophecy BOT634 Exegesis of Isaiah

    2. I. Introduction A. What is a “prophet / prophetess”? B. Terms: 1. aybn na4b|,) 2. har ro4)eh 3. ~yhla[h] vya 4. ~yaybnh ynb 5. hzx h9o4zeh

    3. II. Ancient Near Eastern Context of Prophecy A. Prophecy in Egypt B. Prophecy in Syria and Palestine C. Prophecy in Ammon (Tell Deir )Alla) D. Prophecy in Mesopotamia

    4. III. A History of Prophecy In Israel A. Pre-Classical Prophecy B. Classical Prophecy C. Post-Exilic Prophecy

    5. IV. Theological Role of the Prophet A. The Prophetic Call or Commission B. The Messenger of God C. Prophet as Intercessor

    6. Introduction to Prophetic Forms Form Critical Analysis of Isaianic Passages

    7. I. General Formulaic Features A. The Messenger Formula 1. Isa 7.7: hwIhy> yn"doa] rm;a' hKo “thus says the Lord GOD” 2. Isa 8.11: hw"hy> rm;a' hKo “thus says the LORD”

    8. I. General Formulaic Features B. Commission Formula 1. Isa 6.9: hZ<h; ~['l' T'r>m;a'w> %le “Go and say to this people” 2. General pattern: “Say to X, thus says Yahweh”; “Go and say to X, thus says Yahweh”; “(Go and) say to X [messenger formula absent]” 3. N.B. Gen 32.3-4; Jer 2.1-2.

    9. I. General Formulaic Features C. Proclamation Formula 1. Isa 1.10: hw"hy>-rb;d> W[m.vi “Hear the word of the LORD” 2. Used especially in Isaiah’s Wisdom Instructions (Isa 28.23) and Torah Instructions (Isa 49.1; 51.4)

    10. I. General Formulaic Features D. Divine Oracle Formula 1. Isa 14.23 hw"hy>-~aun> “says the LORD” 2. Isa 3.5 tAab'c. hwIhy> yn"doa]-~aun> “says the Lord GOD of Hosts”

    11. I. General Formulaic Features E. Oath Formulas 1. 3rd person: Isa 14.24; 62.8 hw"hy> [B;v.nI “the LORD has sworn” 2. 1st person: Isa 45.23; 54.9 yTi[.B;v.nI “I have sworn” F. Revelation Formula Isa 8.3 yl;ae hw"hy> rm,aYOw: “then the LORD said to me”

    12. II. Basic Structural Elements A. Five Basic Elements: 1. Prediction of the Future as a negative prediction or a threat 2. Prediction of the Future as a positive prediction or a promise 3. Subordinate structural elements: 3.1 Accusation 3.2 Admonition 3.3 Statement of Divine self-disclosure

    13. II. Basic Structural Elements B. Use of Supporting Reason/s: 1. yki when prediction precedes the reason 2. !kel' when the reason precedes the prediction

    14. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech A. Announcement of Judgment 1. Isa 3.21; 8.6-8; 30.12-14 (N.B. that the so-called Oracles Against the Nations in Isa 13-23 take this form) 2. Pattern: 2.1 Messenger Formula 2.2 Threat (a predictive statement) 2.3 Accusation (a reason for the threat)

    15. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech B. Announcement of Salvation 1. Isa 7.7-9 2. Pattern 2.1 Messenger Formula 2.2 Explanation of Situation 2.3 Promise 2.4 Reason

    16. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech C. Salvation-Judgment Oracle 1. Isa 56.12-57.13bc; 65.7-8, 10-11, 13-15 2. Pattern 2.1 Accusation and threat 2.2 Promise 2.3 Accusation and threat 2.4 Oracles of Salvation and Judgment 2.5 Final promise of Salvation

    17. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech D. Oracle of Salvation (Oracle of Assurance) 1. Isa 41.8-13, 14-16; 43.1-7; 44.1-5 2. Pattern 2.1 Fear Not! (or equivalent) 2.2 Designation of the addressee 2.3 Basic reason of the admonition expressed by a clause with the verb in the perfect tense.

    18. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech E. Admonition 1. Isa 1.10-17 2. Pattern 2.1 Messenger Formula 2.2 Admonition (frequently uses imperative or jussives which call for repentance and improvement) 2.3 Reason

    19. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech F. Oracle of Divine Self-Disclosure 1. Isa 41.17-20; 49.22-26 2. Pattern 2.1 Reason 2.2 Promise 2.3 Recognition Formula

    20. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech G. Woe-Oracle 1. Isa 5.8-24; 28.1-33.1 2. Pattern 2.1 ho=y (yAh) Accusation 2.2 Threat

    21. III. Forms of Prophetic Speech H. Judicial Speech 1. Isa 1; 41.1-5, 21-29; 42.18-25; 43.8-15, 22-28; 44.6-8; 50.1-3 2. Pattern 2.1 Summons 2.2 The Trial (with speeches by the prosecution and defense) 2.3 The Sentence

    22. IV. Prophetic Narratives A. Vision Narrative 1. Isa 6 2. Pattern 2.1 Announcement of the Vision 2.2 Transition with (hnh) 2.3 Vision Sequence or report of Vision 2.4 Meaning of Vision

    23. IV. Prophetic Narratives B. Symbolic Action 1. Isa 8.1-4 2. Pattern 2.1 A command of Yahweh to the prophet concerning the exact nature of the symbolic action to be preformed 2.2 A report of the fulfillment of the command by the prophet 2.3 A full interpretation of the prophetic action, frequently accompanied by a divine promise

    24. IV.C Call Narrative

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