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pioneers revisited: broadening the pioneers concept in EU environmental policy

Duncan Liefferink Sietske Veenman Mark Wiering Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. pioneers revisited: broadening the pioneers concept in EU environmental policy. Overview. Former research: old theory on pioneers in EU environmental policy

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pioneers revisited: broadening the pioneers concept in EU environmental policy

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  1. Duncan Liefferink Sietske Veenman Mark Wiering Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands pioneers revisited:broadening the pioneers concept in EUenvironmentalpolicy

  2. Overview • Former research: oldtheoryon pioneers in EU environmentalpolicy • Updating the pioneers approach: other countries, other actors • A new approach to environmental pioneers in Europe • Conclusions

  3. Old theory Pioneers in EU environmentalpolicy in the 1990s (Liefferink and Andersen 1998): • focus onstates • twodimensions: • purposefulorincremental leader • direct pushing (in Brussels) or indirect effect via internalmarket

  4. Old theory Four types of environmental pioneers: Source Liefferink and Andersen 1998

  5. Updating the pioneers approach • Former pioneers states no longer pioneers • changes at EU level (EU-27, co-decision etc) • domestic changes (right wing governments, populist parties, implementation problems, etc) • Other actors as pioneers: • sub-national governments • private actors

  6. Otheractors as pioneers Some hypotheses: • constructivepushing: • ‘default’ strategyforMemberStates • more difficultfor most otheractors • cities, companies etc.: • pushing-by-example • defensiveforerunners •  diffusion, learning,regulatorychange? • opting 0ut: • difficultforotheractors

  7. Otheractors as pioneers Pioneers employ at leastthreemechanisms • influencing the policy-makingprocess in Brussels (direct) • via the internalmarket (indirect) • throughknowledgetransfer: communication and learning

  8. A new approach to environmental pioneers in Europe

  9. Conclusions • Types of pushers/forerunnersalsoapplicable to otheractors • Three different mechanisms: regulatory process, market and communication & learning (knowledge transfer) • May involve several policy levels: MLG • And… needs further elaboration!!

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