d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing

1. d/Deaf andHard of Hearing By Missy Glavey-Labedz

2. What is it like to be deaf or hard-of-hearing (hoh)? YouTube - Hearing Loss Example http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EJ4g3J6cJM

3. Medical Definition of deafor hard of hearing (HOH) “the total or partial inability to hear sound in one or both ears” • deaf • A condition that prevents an individual from receiving sound in all or most of its forms even with the use of hearing aids. An approximately 90 dB or greater hearing loss. • hard of hearing • Any hearing loss less severe than deafness. • <90 dB hearing loss Source: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/ddhi.htm

4. Cultural Model of Deaf “Being Deaf or hard of hearing has nothing to do with how much you can hear! It has to do with how you identify yourself.” • Physical Variation or Disability? • Person-first language? • Inclusion vs. Separate School • Florida School for the Deaf and Blind (FSDB) • ASL vs. Speech and Cochlear Implants • Literacy R. Coleman (personal communication, October 13, 2009) Bauman, H. L. (2008). Open Your Eyes, Deaf Studies Talking. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

5. Types of hearing loss: YouTube - Types of Hearing Loss • Conductive • outer & middle ear • Sensorineural • inner ear & auditory nerve • Mixed • Conductive & sensorineural http://www.scienceclarified.com/Di-El/Ear.html

6. Degree of hearing loss: Source: https://stronghealth.com/services/Audiology/hearing/degreehearingloss.cfm http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/virtualexhibit/6measuringsound.html

7. Congenital Hereditary Maternal disease during pregnancy Intra-uterine infection Prematurity at birth Causes of Hearing Loss • Acquired • Age • Disease • Drugs • Infection (otitis media) • Noise • Injury • Earwax Sources: https://stronghealth.com/services/Audiology/hearing/causeshearingloss.cfm http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/causes.htm

8. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) “Hearing loss due to exposure to either a sudden, loud noise or exposure to loud noises for a period of time.” • NIHL is the leading cause of hearing loss. • 5.2 million 6-19 year olds have hearing loss directly related to noise exposure • Over the last 10 years, the percentage of 2nd graders with hearing loss has increased 2.8 times and hearing loss in 8th graders has increased over 4 times. • NIHL is preventable! Dangerous Decibels Virtual Exhibit CD http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/virtualexhibit/index.html Protect Your Ears Sources: http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/# http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/hearingloss.cfm

9. Prevalence: Hearing loss and deafness affect individuals of all ages and may occur at any time from birth through old age. Age at which Hearing loss begins U.S. Hearing Loss Population Hearing loss population (1989-2004) in millions with projections through the year 2050 based on MarkeTrak incidence of hearing loss by age group applied to US Bureau of Census age population projections. Hearing Review. 2005; 12(7), 17. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/begins.htm

10. Assessment & Diagnosis • Babies should be screened before they leave the hospital or before 1 month of age. • Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) Testing (used to screen newborns) • Pure-Tone Audiometric Tests (uses an audiometer) • Speech Reception and Word Recognition Tests • Auditory Brainstem Evoked Potential • Acoustic Immittance (Tympanometry) https://stronghealth.com/services/Audiology/hearing/diagnosinghearingloss.cfm

11. Treatments • Adult Aural/Audiologic Rehabilitation • Focus on adjusting to your hearing loss • Making the best use of your hearing aids • Exploring assistive devices that might help • Strategies to improve listening and communication • Using visual cues • Speech reading training • Child Aural/Audiologic (re)habilitation • Training in auditory perception • Using visual cues • Improving speech • Developing receptive and expressive language • Managing communication • Use of hearing aids and assistive listening devices • Use of American Sign Language (ASL) Sources: http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/treatment/adult_aur_rehab.htm http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/treatment/child_aur_rehab.htm

12. Assistive Technology • Hearing Aids • Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) • Personal Frequency Modulation (FM) System • Infrared System • Induction Loop system • One to one communicators • Cochlear Implants • A surgically implanted device that provides direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. • Recommended for those with profound hearing loss in both ears • Visual Systems • Text telephones • Closed Captioning • Computerized Speech Recognition • Alerting devices that use strobe or flashing lights • Internet & Email Source: http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/treatment/assist_tech.htm

13. Individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. . . • May appear to strain to hear and frequently ask to have questions repeated • Have the same physical and cognitive abilities as hearing individuals • May appear withdrawn, “daydreaming and doodling” in class • May struggle with self-esteem and peer acceptance • May struggle with depression and anxiety • May speak loud and/or exhibit speech inaccuracies • Can face considerable challenges in developing interpersonal communication skills. • May use American Sign Language (ASL) or lip reading or speech in communication http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/topics/adolescentdevelopment.htm

14. Classroom Strategies • Use a circular seating arrangement. • Speak clearly, but do not shout. Eliminate any background noise. • Interactive White Board • YouTube - SMART Technology SMART Board video contest winner • Repeat the comments and questions of other students • Ask for a hearing volunteer to team up with a deaf or hard of hearing student for in-class assignments and note-taking. • If possible, provide transcripts of audio information. • Face the class while speaking; make sure the student can see both you and the interpreter. • Get the attention of the student(s) who are deaf or hard of hearing before teaching. • Use visuals frequently. Make sure films and video are closed-captioned. http://www.teachersfirst.com/sped/prof/deaf/strategies.html

15. Transition to Adulthood • People who are deaf can lead a normal adult life. • Go to College • 90 percent of deaf and hard of hearing students complete high school • college graduation rates(with BA degrees) have increased for deaf and hard of hearing students to 36% in 2005 from 6% in 1987. • Get jobs • Discrimination • Unemployment rate is usually over 60% in most states • Get married • 85% of individuals with profound deafness marry another deaf person. • Have children • most deaf parents have children with normal hearing. “A Deaf person can do anything a hearing person can, except hear.” ~I. King Jordan (Former President of Gallaudet University) Sources: http://ccdam.gallaudet.edu/pdf/VR_Galluadet_Stringer.pdf http://www.news-medical.net/news/2004/04/27/911.aspx http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=642&contentID=15434&shortcutID=10211

16. Conclusion: YouTube - D-PAN: Waiting on the World to Change http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKnF9CCYQPQ&feature=related

17. References: American Speech Language Hearing Association. (2009). Adult Aural Audiologic Rehabilitation. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/treatment/adult_aur_rehab.htm American Speech Language Hearing Association. (2009). Aural Audiologic Rehabilitation for Children. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/treatment/child_aur_rehab.htm American Speech Language Hearing Association (2009). Causes of Hearing Loss in Children. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/causes.htm American Speech Language Hearing Association. (2009). Assistive Technology. Retrieved October 28, 2009 from http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/treatment/assist_tech.htm Bauman, H. L. (2008). Open Your Eyes, Deaf Studies Talking. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Coleman, R. (personal communication, October 13, 2009) D-PAN: Waiting on the World to Change. (2007). Retrieved October 25, 2009 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKnF9CCYQPQ&feature=related Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.) Hearing Loss. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/ddhi.htm Dangerous Decibels. (2009). Retrieved October 25, 2009 from http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/# Dangerous Decibels. (2009). Hearing Loss. Retrieved October 25, 2009 from http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/hearingloss.cfm

18. References: Facts and Myths About Hearing Loss. Retrieved November 1, 2009 from http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=642&contentID=15434&shortcutID=10211 Hearing Loss Example. Retrieved October 28, 2009 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EJ4g3J6cJM Kochkin, S. MarkeTrak VII: Hearing Loss Population Tops 31 Million People. Hearing Review. 2005; 12(7), 16-29. Retrieved October 28, 2009 from http://www.betterhearing.org/pdfs/MarkeTrak7_Kochkin_July05.pdf National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2002). Age at Which Hearing Loss Begins. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/begins.htm Nance, Walter. (2004). A high rate of marriage among deaf individuals can explain the increased frequency of connexin deafness in the United States. November 1, 2009 from http://www.news-medical.net/news/2004/04/27/911.aspx NEC Foundation of America. (2006). Working with Hearing Impaired Students. Retrieved October 28, 2009 from http://www.teachersfirst.com/sped/prof/deaf/strategies.html Poe, C. (2006). The Effects of Deafness on Adolescent Development. Retrieved November 1, 2009 from http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/topics/adolescentdevelopment.htm Reichman, A., Jacoby, S. (n.d.). A Lifetime of Learning and Earning: A Family Guide to Work Preparation for Deaf and Hard of Hearing High School Students. Retrieved October 25, 2009 from http://ccdam.gallaudet.edu/pdf/VR_Galluadet_Stringer.pdf University of Rochester Medical Center. (2009). Audiology, Diagnosing Hearing Loss. Retrieved October 25, 2009 from https://stronghealth.com/services/Audiology/hearing/diagnosinghearingloss.cfm University of Rochester Medical Center. (2009). Audiology, Causes of Hearing Loss. Retrieved October 25, 2009 from https://stronghealth.com/services/Audiology/hearing/causeshearingloss.cfm

19. Assessment: Using Microsoft Word or PowerPoint, create a document and “paste” pictures that demonstrate five things that you have learned about today that will assist a deaf or hard-of-hearing student in your classroom. Write a sentence under each picture to give a brief explanation.