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English 200 Dr. Jun Zhao Marshall University

English 200 Dr. Jun Zhao Marshall University . Lesson Two-Metaphor . metaphors used here. BRUCE WILLIS looking for his Demi Moore, attractive, intelligent, professional, sporty guy 31, n/s, w.l.t.m . gorgeous brunette 25-35.

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English 200 Dr. Jun Zhao Marshall University

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  1. English 200Dr. Jun ZhaoMarshall University Lesson Two-Metaphor

  2. metaphors used here • BRUCE WILLIS looking for his Demi Moore, attractive, intelligent, professional, sporty guy 31, n/s, w.l.t.m. gorgeous brunette 25-35. • ANGEL WITH halo & wings but in need of TLC, 43, WLTM male with lots of tinsel to make me shine for years to come. Don’t let me be boxed again!

  3. And here? • My love is a red red rose. • Thank you for your valuable input. • How did they sell that idea? • The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area and typically 30-65 km in diameter. • If you have a minute, can I ask you something? • It is 10 PM now. • We need to table this discussion for our next meeting.

  4. And these? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_O6rwzLeIs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZNY8sEMJDc&feature=related

  5. Metaphors: • Figures of speech, ornamental devices, inventive, expressive, unexpected, original, creative… • But also: -tools to help us understand/conceptualize the world - everyday language is rife with metaphors those metaphors in everyday language are “dead” metaphors, Conceptual Metaphors

  6. Conceptual Metaphors conventionalized lexicalized dead a way of thinking based on similarity and comparison

  7. How it works? Similarity, comparison between the literal meaning and the figurative meaning of an expression Life is a journey ( time/events passed) X is like Y (in respect of…) explainedexplaining base of elementelement comparison

  8. My love is a red red rose. X Y Ideas are objects X Y Thank you for your valuable input. How did they sell that idea? We need to table the discussion.

  9. Cont’d Time is commodity X Y If you have a minute, Storm is like a human being X Y The eye of the storm

  10. What is common about Xs and Ys? • X ---- explained element, love idea time storm • Y explaining element rose objects commodity human being Abstract, non-tangible, unfamiliar Concrete, tangible, familiar

  11. Metaphor: mapping between two concepts mapping scope source target concept concept Y X concrete abstract familiar unfamiliar mapping

  12. Mapping scope • Proper relevant correspondence from a source concept onto a target concept • Reflection of our conceptual experiences of the world • 3 major components: - image schemas - basic correlations - culture-dependent evaluations

  13. image schemas: bodily experience • Orientation: up is better, down is not: I am in cloud 9. Go to hell. I feel so low. He jumped out of happiness.

  14. Orientation: up controlling, down controlled • There are two types of people in this world: those on the top of the social ladder, and those on the bottom. • The entire Fiji rugby board has been forced to step down by Government intervention after an alleged mismanagement of a lottery. • Burma remains under the tight control of the military-led State Peace and Development Council.

  15. Bodily experience cont’d Body is a container of emotion • He almost burst a blood vessel. • She was flushed with anger. • She turned pale as a sheet. • I was chilled to the bone.

  16. Image Schemas Cont’d Path: life is a journey The baby is on the way. The baby has arrived. Look at how far we’ve come together. Think about the bright future in front of us. Looking back into the past He is still with us. They brought him back. He is gone.

  17. Basic correlations: the events and actions in the world around us • Action/change -The country's slow economic growth has contributed to the preservation of much of its environment and ecosystems. -To get motivated, create a list of activities for each day.

  18. Causation: • Harry raised our morale by telling jokes. • You can make ice out of water by freezing it. • I made a paper airplane out of a sheet of newspaper. • She is slowly changing into a beautiful woman. • Our present legal system evolved out of English common law. • Universities are incubators for new ideas. • Edward Teller is the father of the hydrogen bomb.

  19. Family: • A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family. • This List of language families includes also language isolates, unclassified languages and other types of languages. • The chart below shows the relations among some of the languages in the Indo-European family. • The dotted line from French to Middle English suggests not direct descent, but the influx of French vocabulary in the centuries after the Norman Invasion.

  20. Culture-specific evaluations • For wife sweetie pumpkin baby doll honey pumpkin pie • For wife 贱内 humbled one inside my house 那口子 the other one of the marriage 老婆 old woman 家里的 the one at home 孩子的妈 mother of my child

  21. Cont’d • Your friendship warms my heart. • Cold-blood • Cold war • In Arabic, صدريأثلجخبرجاءني I received a news yesterday that froze my chest! (a good one)

  22. Time is Money • You have wasted my time. • It is worth your time. • We are running out of time. • How do you spend your time? • Can you give me a minute? • All the time you have spent on your study is a good investment.

  23. Exercise-1 • You’re in high spirits. • My spirits sank. • That boosted my spirits. • I fell into a depression. • Wake up! • He’s under hypnosis. • He rises early in the morning. • He fell asleep.

  24. -2 • He’s at the peak of health. • He came down with the flu. • He dropped dead. • He is under the weather. • He’s in top shape. • I am on top of the situation. • I have control over her. • He is my social inferior. • His power is on the decline.

  25. 3 This gadget will save you hours. That flat tire cost me an hour. I’ve invested a lot of time in her. I don’t have enough time to spare for that. You need to budget your time. Put aside some time for Ping Pong. How much time do I have left? Thank you for your time. He’s living on a borrowed time.

  26. 4 • The marriage is dead. It can’t be revived. • This is a sick relationship. • Their relationship is in really good shape. • I could feel the electricity between us. • There are sparks between them. • I was magnetically drawn to her. • There is incredible energy in their relationship. • No chemical between us.

  27. 5 I can’t take my eyes off her. He sits with his eyes glued to the TV. Her eyes picked out every detail of the pattern. I could see the fear in his eyes. Love showed in his eyes. His eyes displayed his compassion. Her life is crammed with activities. Get the most out of life.

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