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The Virtual Enterprises

The Virtual Enterprises. SNU M.A.I. Lab. 민대기 2000. 5. 25. Contents. Concepts of the Virtual Enterprises Reference Architectures for Virtual Enterprises Literature Review Virtual Enterprises Life-Cycle Model. Concepts of the Virtual Enterprise - Definition -. In the Globeman21 (1)

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The Virtual Enterprises

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  1. The Virtual Enterprises SNU M.A.I. Lab. 민대기 2000. 5. 25.

  2. Contents • Concepts of the Virtual Enterprises • Reference Architectures for Virtual Enterprises • Literature Review • Virtual Enterprises Life-Cycle Model

  3. Concepts of the Virtual Enterprise- Definition - • In the Globeman21 (1) • A Virtual Enterprise(VE) is a customer solution delivery system created by a temporary and re-configurable ICT enabled aggregation of core competencies • In the NIIIP (2) • A VE is a temporary consortium of independent member companies which come together to quickly exploit fast-changing worldwide product manufacturing opportunities.

  4. Concepts of the Virtual Enterprise- Definition - • Other definitions (3) • 순차적•병행적 협력의 차원을 넘어 각 기업의 핵심능력과 자원, 그리고 고객 시장 기회를 결합시켜 형성되는 가상의 조직 • 동적으로 서비스를 결합하여 현재 또는 잠재적 고객의 다양한 요구를 충족시키기 위한 수단 • 네트워크를 통한 기업간 전자적 협력의 형태-Industrial Virtual Enterprise • Small Company & Big Network

  5. Concepts of the Virtual Enterprise- Characteristics - • 특정 프로젝트 기간 동안 존재하는 temporal organization • 핵심 역량이 서로 다른 기업 간의 연합 • 유연성과 민첩성(flexibility and speed) • 지역적으로 분산된 네트워크 • Providing customer solutions • Enabled and supported by Information Technology

  6. Extended Enterprise Supply Chain Management Virtual Enterprise Electronic Commerce Concepts of the Virtual Enterprise- differences between other concepts - Extended Enterprise Virtual Enterprises Supply Chain Management EC, Agent, KM … As I think… Can you say the differences?

  7. GERAM(7) The Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology mix-and-match the available componentsof the PERA, CIMOSA, GRAI-GIM architectures Reference Architecture I GERA Modeling Views Defining the Scope of Enterprise Modeling

  8. Bathroom project Network  Yellow pages VEs  Consortium of skilled craftsmen Product  Bathroom Network entity Virtual Enterprise Product Identification Identification Identification Concept Concept Concept Requirements Requirements Requirements Design Design Design Implementation Implementation Implementation Operation Operation Operation Decommission Decommission Decommission Reference Architecture I (21) The Virtual Enterprise Architectures

  9. Reference Architecture II미국의 가상기업 참조모형 • NIIIP(National Industrial Information Infrastructure Protocol)* • 1994년 14개 기업(IBM)으로 consortium 구성 • 13개 구성요소, 5개의 subsystem, 3개의 통제계층 • 3개의 통제계층 • 사용자 계층: 최종 사용자 응용 시스템 • 협력 서비스 계층: 미들웨어 • 중재 서비스 계층: 두 계층에 서비스 제공 * http://www.niiip.org

  10. Reference Architecture II continue • 가상기업 5개 Subsystem • 프로젝트 관리 Subsystem • 최종 사용자 통제 기능 (Desktop Agent) • 서비스 Subsystem • 설계 및 협업을 위한 데이터 서비스 기능 • 작업 및 세션관리 Subsystem • 자원 공유를 위한 작업 통제 기능 • 지식 및 규칙관리 Subsystem • 자원 공유를 위한 가상기업 규칙 탐지 기능 • 의사결정 Subsystem • 새로운 지식획득 및 에이전트간 분쟁 협상 기능

  11. Reference Architecture II continue • NIIIP 구성요소 • Session • 사용자의 작업환경 관리 • Application/Tool • 기존 시스템과의 통합 기능 서비스 • Mediator • Client들의 고유영역을 중재하는 기능 • Negotiator • Client Server 간의 서비스 요청, 수행동의, 전달, 수용 협상기능 • KBMS • 규칙, 제약조건, Trigger 관리 • Internet Tool • Internet 사용 지원 기능 • VE Monitor • ORB 요청 검증, 규칙 확인 기능

  12. Reference Architecture II continue • NIIIP 구성요소 • Desktop • 가상기업에 대한 사용자 interface 제공 • Transport • 통신 환경에 대해 일반적인 interface 제공 • Agent • Agent 간의 통신 관리 • STEP Service • STEP 사용 기능 • Data Management • 사용자 data object 관리 • Workflow • 사용자 작업의 실행관리

  13. Literature Review • Projects • EVENT: Effectiveness of the Virtual Enterprise through the Information Infrastructure • X-CITTIC: A Planning and Control System for Semiconductor Virtual Enterprise • SCM+: Beyond Supply Chain Management in Food Ind. • PRODNET II: Production Planning and Management in an Extended Enterprise • IMS Globeman21 • Etc…

  14. Literature Review • Papers • Information infrastructure for electronic virtual organization management, DSS(23), 1998. • Communications technologies for the extended enterprise, PPC(9), 1998. • An information management system for production planning in virtual enterprises, comp.&ie(35), 1998. • Virtual enterprise-Information system and network solution, comp.&ie(37), 1999. • Supporting order control in decentral manufacturing structures, comp.&ie(37), 1999. cost 관리 관점 • Inventory theory: New perspectives for corporate management, IJPE(59), 1999.  재고 관점에서

  15. Literature Review • Papers • Co-operative production planning for small-and medium-sized enterprises, IJPE(64), 2000. • Process modeling in small-medium enterprise network, Comp. in Industry(38), 1999. • Justifying strategic alliances and partnering: a Prerequisite for the virtual enterprising, Omega(25), 1997. • Configuration and coordination of virtual production networks, IJPE(56-57), 1998. • Application of information technology to a virtual enterprise broker: The case of Bill Epstein, IJPE(62), 1999.

  16. Design Operation Virtual Enterprise Life-Cycle Model (4)(5)(6) VE Life Cycle Distributed Function Identification Formation Design Operation Dissolution Information Infrastructure Support Mechanism and Tools

  17. Identification and Formation I • Activities • Identification phase • Opportunity identification, opportunity evaluation and selection • Formation phase • Suitable partners identification and evaluation and partnership formation • Measurement issues

  18. Identification and Formation II • Supporting technologies • DSS using multi-agent system(8) • Transaction cost(specificity, uncertainty, frequency)에 기반 한 VE network 평가 • Quantitative analysis(9) • Justifying strategic alliance and partnering: a prerequisite for Virtual Enterprising • Strategic metric matrix • ANP: general form of the AHP

  19. Design I • Activities • Specifies the detailed rules for carrying out the mission • material and information flows, legal framework, business rules… • Integration issues

  20. Design II • Information related issues • Information Management • Information Exchange • Information Infra. • Process related issues • Process representation • Process Integration

  21. Design III • Information infrastructure I (6) (10) Global Information Network Electronic Electronic Business transaction On-line information payment banking processing services Virtual Enterprise Partners Firm - s/w development - Process support - EDI - Network interface - Decision support - s/w development - Process support - EDI - Network interface - Decision support • System • Integration • Process • Coordination Customers • Order • Fulfillment • Customer • Services VE Data Design Marketing Financial Mfg Distribution Legal External Data External Customer Market Global Economic Firm Research Financial

  22. Design III • Information Infrastructure II (13) (18) (19) (20) Internet / Middle Ware Broker (Agent system) Component Base ERP CAD system STEP EXPRESS Member B PLCs MES Member A

  23. Design IV • Information perspectives • Information manager: global and local (11) (12) X-CITTIC • Data object server: keeps all the data needed by the applications • Internal database: persistent data storage • Meta objects: Security, Interaction Protocols • Business Data Exchange (13) • Using Conversion agent • ERP system ↔ XML ↔ Internet ↔ XML ↔ ERP system • Object technology: • OMG CORBA(11) (12), JavaBean (13) • Component Based Development(CBD) (17)

  24. Design IV • Process perspectives • PLENT* project (14) • Prototype system’s functionalities • Coordination Unit: define product families and version of output product • NOS(network operational schema): define the sequence of all mfg and transfer phases, define functional parameters and function conditions, define composite alternatives… • Capacity Declarations: define transportation time and capacity of each node • Define rules/actions and information exchanges among the nodes(Customer, Production, Trade) and the coordination unit.(15) • Agent based Workflow Management System (16) * PLanning small-medium Enterprise NeTworks, ESPRIT 4 project 20723

  25. Operation I • Activities • Monitoring • Signaling of any deviations from plan • Milestone tracking • … • Design, marketing, financial, mfg, distribution… • Controlling issues

  26. References • Johan Vesterager, etal., Architecture and methodology for creating virtual enterprises-results from Globeman21, IMS Globeman21 Open Day, 1999. • NIIIP Homepage, http://www.niiip.org/ • 김민수, 이정섭, 이상학, 형용준, CALS 환경에서 ERP/PDM 연계를 통한 가상기업 구현 방안, 한국전산원, 1999. • J.J. Kanet, W.Faissit, P. Mertens, Application of information technology to a virtual enterprise broker, IJPE(62), 1999. • H. Van Dyke Parunak, Technologies for Virtual Enterprises, Forthcoming in the Agility Journal, 1997. • Troy J. Strader, etal., Information infrastructure for electronic virtual organization management, DSS(23), 1998. • Globeman21 homepage, http://www.vtt.fi/aut/projects/gm21/demo/index2.html

  27. References (8)A. Tuma, Configuration and coordination of virtual production network, IJPE(56-57), 1998 (9) L M Meade, D H Lilies, Justifying Strategic Alliances and Partnering: a Prerequisite for Virtual Enterprising, Omeg(96), 1997. (10) Mark Davis, David O., Systems Design Framework for the Extended Enterprise, PPC(10), 1999. (11) Q. Zhou, P. Souben, C.B. Besant, An Information management system for production planning in virtual enterprises, Computers ind. Engng(35), 1998. (12) X-CITTIC project homepage, http://www.nimblesite.com/xcittic/default.htm (13)Klement J. Fellner, Component Framework Supporting Inter-company Cooperation, Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, EDOC'99. Proceedings. 3rd International, 1999.

  28. References (14) Istvan Mezgar, etal., Co-operative production planning for small-and medium-sized enterprises, IJPE(64), 2000. (15) K. Mallidi, etal., Process modeling in small-medium enterprise network, Comp. in Industry(38), 1999. (16)김용훈, 최인준, 이창우, 가상기업을 위한 모빌 에이전트 바탕의 워크플로우 관리 시스템, 대한산업공학회/한국경영학회 98춘계공동학술대회 논문집, 1998. (17) Peter Herzum, Model for Large-Scale Component Based Development, OMG Technical Meeting, 1999. (18) Sharing Manufacturing Information in Virtual Enterprises, Communications of the ACM (1996) (19) W.J. Zhang, Q. Li., Information modeling for made-to-order Virtual Enterprise manufacturing systems, Computer-Aided Design(31), 1999.

  29. References (20)LEI MING et. al., A CORBA-based agent-driven design for distributed intelligent manufacturing systems, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing(9), 1998. (21) Johan Vesterager, Architecture and methodology for creating virtual enterprises-results from Globeman21, IMS Globeman21 Open Day, 1999.

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