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World War II

World War II. Essential Questions: What were the causes of World War II? What were Turning Points of the War? What were the results/impact of the war?. Recap of Between the Wars. Rise of Fascism, Nazism Strong dictators: Mussolini, Hitler Why? Poor economic conditions

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World War II

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  1. World War II • Essential Questions: • What were the causes of World War II? • What were Turning Points of the War? • What were the results/impact of the war?

  2. Recap of Between the Wars • Rise of Fascism, Nazism • Strong dictators: Mussolini, Hitler • Why? • Poor economic conditions • Anger at Treaty of Versailles • Germany  regain “lebensraum”: living space

  3. Causes of World War II

  4. Rise of Japanese Militarists (Pacific) • Resentment over Versailles treaty • Loss of tradition • The Great Depression • Loss of trade/ high unemployment • Need for raw materials

  5. Results of the rise of Japanese Militarists • Imperialism need raw materials to fuel industrial growth • More respect for emperor • Invasion of Manchuria/ withdraws from League of Nations • Loss of democratic freedoms • “Rape of Nanjing” (reading)

  6. Italy Attacks Ethiopia • 1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia • Why? • Ethiopians resisted: no match for Italians • No support from League of Nations

  7. German Aggression • Who? Hitler • What? Rebuilt German army/ violated TOV • When? 1935-1938 • Actions: • Regained Rhineland (France) • Annexed Austria • Occupied Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)

  8. European Response • Policy of: • Appeasement: Nations gave in to aggressive demands to maintain peace • Munich Conference: Germany allowed to keep Sudetenland • Goal: keep peace in Europe, prevent another war • Will this stop Hitler?????? • “The belief that security can be won by throwing a small state to the wolves is a fatal mistake” - Churchill

  9. Causes of World War II Appeasement: giving in to a dictator to avoid war.

  10. WWII Begins • Rome- Berlin- Tokyo Axis • Agreed to fight Soviet Communism • Hitler 1939  Pact with Stalin • Nazi- Soviet Pact • Will not fight each other • Spark of WWII • German invasion of Poland

  11. Opposing Alliances Axis Powers Allies • Germany • Japan • Italy • France • Great Britain --------------------------------------- • Later…. • Soviet Union • US • China

  12. HITLER’S WW II PARTNERS

  13. India Brazil THE ALLIED POWERS IN WW II

  14. HITLER INVADES POLAND:SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 WWII Begins on September 1, 1939

  15. August 1940: Which nation will be Hitler's next target for conquest?

  16. Turning Point #1 • US Entry 1941 • FDR & Churchill  common hatred for Nazism • US supply weapons to Allies • US banned arms sales to Japanese • Japanese Response: • Bombed Pearl Harbor Dec. 7th 1941 • Result • US entry into WWII

  17. Turning Point #2 • Battle of Stalingrad (1942- 1943) • Germans invaded Soviet Union 1941 • Russian troops & freezing weather caused Germans to surrender • Red Army (USSR) drove out Germans

  18. Turning Point #3 • Invasion of Normandy (1944) • Allies invaded France June 6, 1944 aka D-Day • Landed on beaches, broke through German defenses

  19. THOUSANDS OF ALLIED SOLDIERS ENTERED BATTLE FROM THE AIR

  20. A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR THE SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF FRANCE

  21. Results of the War • Yalta Conference • Roosevelt, Churchill & Stalin meet • Divided Germany into zones • Stalin would oversee creation of new governments in Eastern Europe

  22. German Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel surrenders at Soviet headquarters in Berlin, May 9, 1945.The war in Europe is over!

  23. NEWSPAPERS CELEBRATE THE SURRENDER OF GERMANY BUT WARN THERE IS STILL JAPAN TO DEFEAT

  24. Results of the War • Victory in the Pacific • Island hopping • American forces recaptured Japanese islands • Japanese refused to surrender: kamikaze • Atomic Bombs • Hiroshima (Aug 6, 1945) & Nagasaki (Aug 8, 1945) • Over 100,000 people killed • Peace treaty signed Sept 2, 1945

  25. KAMIKAZE Kamikazes were the suicide attacks the Japanese began late in the war when they realized they could not defeat conventional US forces. While the attacks were made mainly in aircrafts against US ships there were other types of kamikaze vehicles as well. These included small boats, flying human missiles or ohkas, human torpedoes and even the great battleship Yamato.

  26. Photos of the vicious fighting on Iwo Jima.

  27. Famous photograph of the flag raising on Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima taken by Joe Rosenthal in February of 1945

  28. Results of the War • Total war: • Democratic governments increased control • Ordered factories to produce war materials • Consumer goods rationed • Some Japanese forced into internment camps in US • Women worked in factories, drove ambulances in war, nurses in field hospitals

  29. CAPTURED NAZI LEADERS ON TRIAL FOR THEIR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY

  30. The Holocaust: Genocide: attempt to destroy a particular religious or ethnic group • Hitler’s goal: “lebensraum”- living space • Main target: Jews • How? • Nuremberg Laws: • limited rights and encouraged violence • Kristallnacht: night of broken glass • Synagouges, businesses, cemeteries, schools & homes destroyed • Concentration camps: Auschwitz  Jews shot/ starved • 6 million Jews died

  31. Hitler commits suicide as the Russians approach his underground bunker in Berlin

  32. Other inhumanities • “Rape of Nanjing” • Japanese invasion into China • Bataan Death March • Japanese soldiers forced Americans & Filipino prisoners to march up Bataan Peninsula • Poland • Soviet troops tortured thousands of Poles

  33. BATAAN DEATH MARCH AND THE HORROR OF JAPANESE CAPTIVITY

  34. Impact WWII • Human/ Economic losses • 75 million total dead (Soviets 22 million) • Holocaust • Aerial bombardments destructive to countryside • War Crimes Trials • “crimes against humanity” • 22 Nazi leaders tried at Nuremberg Trials • Leaders could be held accountable for war • Occupied Territory • Germany split in zones • Democracy in Western Europe & Communism in Eastern Europe • Formation of United Nations • Provide a place to discuss world problems • General Assembly • Security Council of 15 Nations (5 Permanent  US, Russia, France, Great Britain, China)

  35. Effects of WWII British, French, Soviet, and US occupation of Germany Democratic Governments setup in Germany under pressure from the US. Soviet occupation of all of Eastern Europe Soviets setup a buffer zone between them and the west. Atomic Age Cold War between the US and Soviet Union  Superpowers Britain, France, Italy,& Germany all major powers in 1939 are reduced in importance after 1945 Rise of Nationalism in colonies/ beginning of independence for African and Asian colonies

  36. How was Japan dealt with? • “Under the weight of Winter Snow The pine trees branches bend But do not break” Emperor Hirohito (Japan) • American Occupation of Japan till 1952 • Democratic Government set up in Japan under pressure from the US. • Japanese Constitution • Reduced military

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