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Empires and the Age of Imperialism : 1750-1914

Empires and the Age of Imperialism : 1750-1914. Egypt, The Ottoman Empire, and Russia. The Ottoman Empire. Egypt Napoleon's Withdraws (1789) Muhammad Ali comes to power Modernizes Egypt Khedives Responses to the West. Ottoman Reforms and the European Model.

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Empires and the Age of Imperialism : 1750-1914

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  1. Empires and the Age of Imperialism: 1750-1914 Egypt, The Ottoman Empire, and Russia

  2. The Ottoman Empire • Egypt • Napoleon's Withdraws (1789) • Muhammad Ali comes to power • Modernizes Egypt • Khedives • Responses to the West

  3. Ottoman Reforms and the European Model • End of 18th c. Sultan Selmi III • Reforms : military, government, taxes, land • Not popular with certain groups • Janissary revolt in Serbia (1805) • (1806) Selim suspends reform program • Too late -> massive uprising -> Selim executed • Greek independence (1829) • Serbian independence (1867)

  4. Ottoman Reforms and the European Model • Sultan Mahumud II – further reforms • Abdul Mejid introduces Tanzimat (restructuring) reforms in 1839 • Military • Education • Language • Clothing • Public rights (men vs. women)

  5. Crimean War • Russia expands southward • Alliance between GB, Fr, Ottoman Empire defeat Russia • C. War leads to military reform for all combatants – traditional to modern warfare

  6. Ottoman Empire Compromised • Ottoman continue to follow European model • Ottoman face economic problems • Concerns that Ottoman is no longer Islamic • Young Ottoman/Young Turks take power • Work to make Turkish national state in place to Ottoman empire • 1876 Constitution adopted • 1908 coup • Ottoman continues its slow decline until 1922 (after WWI)

  7. Russia

  8. The Russian Empire • Russia and Europe • 1700 – 3% of population lived in cities • Slow to modernize • Closer to Europe than Ottoman • Debate about future of Russia • Diplomatic relations with the West

  9. Problems with modernization • Autocratic rule • Failure to solve problems • Serfdom

  10. Russia and Asia • Expanded to China • Conflicts • British interventions

  11. Cultural Trends • Cultural contact with Europe since 17th c. • Opposition to reforms from Alexander I • Decembrist Revolt • Penalties from end of Crimean War

  12. Alexander II • Law codes • Zemstoves • Military • Education • Women

  13. Limits of Reform • Limits • Autocracy • Peasant hardships • Education • 1904 Defeat in Russo-Japanese War • 1904 Revolution

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