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Metamorophic Rock

Learn how heat and pressure transform rocks, recognizing the characteristics of metamorphic minerals, different grades and types of metamorphism, economic importance, and the rock cycle.

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Metamorophic Rock

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  1. Metamorophic Rock Chapter 6 Section 3

  2. Recognizing Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphosed rocks have been changed • Heat and pressure turn rocks to magma • Rocks that don’t reach their melting point • Texture changes • Mineral composition changes • Chemical composition changes

  3. Recognizing Metamorphic Rock • During Metamorphism rocks change while they are still solid • Heat required for metamorphic rock to form • Deep within Earth • Near intrusions • Pressure also needed • Deep burial • Compression during mountain building

  4. Metamorphic Minerals Foliated Nonfoliated • Form in blocky shapes • Examples: • Quartzite and marble • Layers and bands • High pressure during metamorphism causes flat or needlelike crystals • Perpendicular to pressure • Parallel alignment of minerals creates the layers in foliated metamorphic rocks.

  5. Grades of Metamorphism • Different combinations of heat and pressure result in different grades. • Low grade • Low temperature and low pressures • High grade • High temperature and high pressure • Intermediate grade • In between high and low grade metamorphism

  6. Types of metamorphism • Regional Metamorphism • High temperatures and pressure affect large regions • Range in grade from low to high • Results include • Changes in minerals • Changes in rock type • Folding and deforming of rock layers

  7. Types of metamorphism • Contact Metamorphism • Molten material (an intrusion) come in contact with solid rock • Local effect • High temperature to moderate/low pressure • Temperature decreases with distance from an intrusion, metamorphic effects decrease with distance.

  8. Types of Metamorphism • Hydrothermal Metamorphism • Very hot water reacts with rock • Alters chemical and mineral composition • Hot fluids migrate in and out of roc changing the mineral composition and texture. • Valuable ore formed this way • Gold, copper, zinc, tungsten and lead

  9. Economic importance • Salt • Gold, silver, copper and lead • Fossil fuels

  10. Metallic mineral resources • Occur mostly as metal ores • Many are precipitated from hydrothermal solutions • In veins- gold • Spread through the rock mass • In intrusions or in contact metamorphic zones

  11. Non-metallic mineral resources • Metamorphism of ultrabasic igneous rocks • Talc and asbestos

  12. Rock cycle • The continuous changing and remaking of rocks.

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