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MAURAYAN ECONOMY

MAURAYAN ECONOMY. TRADE AND COMMERCE. THERE WAS BRISK INTERNAL TRADE AMONG VARIOUS PARTS OF THE STATE AND IN VARIOUS TYPE OF GOODS.

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MAURAYAN ECONOMY

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  1. MAURAYAN ECONOMY

  2. TRADE AND COMMERCE • THERE WAS BRISK INTERNAL TRADE AMONG VARIOUS PARTS OF THE STATE AND IN VARIOUS TYPE OF GOODS. • INTERNAL EXCHANGE OF THE NORTHERN PRODUCTS ( BLANKETS,SKINS ETC) WITH THE SOUTHERN PRODUCTS ( PRECIOUS STONES,PEARLS,DIAMONDS,CONCHSHELLS,GOLD ETC) WAS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT TRADES.

  3. EXTERNAL TRADE • IT WAS DONE WITH THE HELLINIC WORLD AND TO SOME EXTENT WITH BURMA. • THE MAIN EXPORT ITEMS WERE SPICES,PEARLS,DIOMONDS,COTTON,TEXTILS,IVORY WORKS,CONCH SHELLS,SKIN BLANKETS ETC. • THE MAIN IMPORT ITEMS WERE HORSES,GOLD,GLASS,LINEN ETC. • BALANCE OF TRADE AWS VERY MUCH IN FAVOUR OF INDIA.

  4. STATE REGULATION OF TRADE • THE STATE REGULATE ALL THE MANUFACTURED GOODS AS WELL AS THE IMPORTED GOODS. • TRADE TWX WAS 1/6TH OF THE TOTAL VALUE OF THE COMMODITY. • SEVERE PUNISHMENTS WERE AWARDED FOR THE TAX EVASION. • THERE WAS STRICT SUPERVISION OF THE SALE OF ALL MERCHANDISE AND FIXATION OF THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PRIFIT. ( 5% ON THE LOCAL GOODS AND 10% ON THE EXPORTED GOODS) TO THE MERCHANTS BY THE SPECIALIZED BOARDS.

  5. MONEY ECONOMY AND CURRENCY • LARGE SCALE AGRICULTURE ALSO PROVIDED SURPLUS FOR THE CAPITAL FORMATION ,WHICH IN TURN WAS FACILITATED BY THE LARGE SCALE USE OF THE METALLIC CURRENCY IN THE FORM OF PUCH-MARKED SILVER COINS AND THE COPPER COINS.

  6. USURY • RATE OF INTREST VARIED FROM 15% TO 60% PER ANNUM. • THERE WAS STATE CONTROL OVER THE INTEREST RATE. • BUDDHIST LITERATURE AND THE ARTHASHASTRA PROVIDE AMPLE EXAMPLE OF THIS.

  7. URBAN CENTRES • IT IS A NATURAL ADJUNCT TO THE GROWTH OF TRADE AND CRAFT. • THERE WERE SEVERAL IMPORTANT CITIES AS WELL AS THE TRADE CENTRES LIKE SRAVASTI,KAPILVASTU,RAJAGRIHA,PATLIPUTRA,UJJAIN ETC. • IMPORTANT PORTS WERE BHARUKACHACHA ,TAMRALIPTI ,SOPARA ETC.

  8. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION • IMPORTANT INTERNAL TRADE ROUTES WERE: • 1. SRAVASTI TO PRATISHTANA • 2.SRAVASTI TO RAJGRIHA • 3.TAXILA TO PATLIPUTRA • HOWEVER THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADE ROUTE WAS THE REYAL HIGHWAY FROM THE NORTH WEST TO PATLIPUTRA.IT HAS CONTINUED TO BE IMPORTANT THROUGH THE CENTURIES AS THE GRANT TRUNK ROAD.

  9. AGRICULTURE • NATURE OF LAND OWNERSHIP:-------THERE WERE FIVE FORMS OF LAND OWNERSHIP…….. • 1.CULTIVATORS • 2.COMMUNITY OWNERSHIP • 3.LARGE SCALE LAND OWNERS • 4.KING • LAND REVENUE WAS DIRECTLY COLLECTED BY THE STATE OFFICIALS FROM THE INDIVIDUAL CULTIVATORS WITHOUT BRINGING IN THE INTERMEDIATORIES. • THE RUMENDAI INSCRIPTION IS THE ONLY ASHOKAN INSCRIPTION WICH MAKES APRECISE REFERENCE TO TAXATION . • BECAUSE THE VILLAGE OF LUMBANI WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF LORD BUDDHA ,TE KING EXEMPTED IT FROM TAXES AND IT WAS ASKED TO PAY ONLY 1/8TH SHARE OF THE PRODUCE.

  10. EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICUTUERE • THE STATE MADE SERIOUS EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH NEW AGRICULTURE SETTLEMENTS. • THE SUDRAS WERE DEPORTED FROM OVERPOPULATED ARES TO THE NEW SETTLEMENTS. • THERE WAS ALSO EVIDENCE OF THE DEPORTATION OF THE 1.5 LAKH PRISONERS OF KALINGA WAR TO CLEAR WASTELAND AND ESTABLISH NEW SETTLEMENTS. • THE STATE MADE PROVISION OF THE IRRIGATION FACILITIES BY CONSTRUCTING AND MAINTAINING RESERVOIRS,TANKS,CANALS,AND WELLS ETC.

  11. INDUSTRIAL CRAFTS • METALLURGY:THERE WAS GROWING KNOWLEDGE OF VARIOUS METALS LIKE IRON ,COPPER,TIN,GOLD ,SILVER ETC. • TEXTILE MANUFACTURING:IT WAS PARTICULARLY COMMON IN MATHURE ,KASI,PATLIPUTRA,VANGA,MAHISA ETC. • POTTERY:SEVERAL POTS AND POTSHERDS(NBPW) HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED IN THE MAND IN THE ASHOKAN IURAYAN SITES. • WOODWORK:IT IS EVIDENT FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT PATLIPUTRA AND FROM THE LITERARY EVIDENCE. • STONE CUTTING:BEST EVIDENCE OF THIS IS FOUND IN THE ASHOKAN INSCRIPTIONS ,PRIMARILY FROM THE PILLARS.

  12. GUILDS • THE SYSTEM OF GUILDS EXTENDED DURIN G THIS PERIOD BECAUSE OF EXTENSION OF TRADE AND COMMERCE DURING THIS PERIOD. • KAUT ILYA TALKS ABOUT THE ENJOYMENT OF CERTAIN RIGHTS BY THE INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS,DETERMINATION OF WAGES BOTH ACCORDING TO THE QUANTITY AN QUALITY OF THE WORK,SEVERE PENALTIES FOR THE FRAUDELENT WORKS. • THERE WAS FURTHERSTRENGTHING OF THIS SYSYEM DUE TO THE LOCALISATION AND THE HEREDITORY NATURE OF OCCUPATINS.

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