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Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK. Mike Browne University of Westminster. Project participants. Marks and Spencer national clothing multiple with large retail outlets and own logistics network Miss Sixty
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Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK Mike Browne University of Westminster
Project participants • Marks and Spencer • national clothing multiple with large retail outlets and own logistics network • Miss Sixty • an independent clothing label that designs and sells its own casual clothing. • has retail outlets worldwide, 10 of which are located in the UK. • also sells its garments wholesale to other independent retailers
Background to UK jeans market • UK clothing market was €52,240 million, in 2002 • Total market for jeans (trousers) was €1,751 million, in 2002 • Jeans sales represented about 4% of UK clothing market, in 2002
Supply of jeans in UK Volume sales of jeans was 63 million in 2003
Jean supply chain The production and distribution of jeans can be broken down into seven main operations: • Cotton farming • Spinning and dyeing • Fabric manufacture • Garment manufacture • Import of good • Regional distribution • Retail outlet
Cotton Planting Crop care Harvesting Ginning Transport Spinning yarn Finishing Transport Weaving fabric Transport Dyeing Transport Sewing garment Transport Finishing Transport Transport Entry port Transport Distribution centre Transport Storage Transport Processes & transport in the production & distribution of jeans Farming Spinning and dyeing Fabric manufacture Garment manufacture Import of goods Retail outlet Transport Final consumer
Pattern cutting Sewing Washing Final finishing Transport Transport Transport Transport Special finishing Garment manufacturing Processes are not necessarily carried out locally – transport might be required and could be long distance
Modes of transport used • Jeans from far east manufacturer - container / ship • Jeans from European finishing manufacturer and/or central distribution centre - road • Jeans from regional distribution centre within UK - road
Distribution of jeans • The distribution of jeans do not generally demand special requirements • Large clothing companies will distribute jeans along with other products • There may be a need for value-added handling such as pressing and repackaging • Small wholesale orders can be despatched by parcel post
Points for consideration • Important for the study to define the boundary of jeans production • Should try to capture information about transport that occurs during garment manufacturing • Energy consumption data available for cotton growing and ginning and should be used? • How will study comparisons be made?