Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of Eloquence Lesson Three

1. Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of EloquenceLesson Three From AL-BALAAGHA AL-WAADHEHA Modifications by Sheikh Safdar Razi

2. TAWREEYAH • TAWREEYAH – A person mentions a word that has two meanings, apparent (Not intended) and Unapparent (Intended) Meaning • Have you seen Asad (person whose name is Asad)? If you have seen Asad (the person) and do not wish to answer positive “Yes” then you can take the apparent meaning of Asad – Lion and answer appropriately “No”.

3. Beautification Due to Meaning- TAWREEYAH • A companion of Imam Ali was asked a question by a Khawarij about his relationship with Imam Ali [as] and Muawiya. • The companion answered “ANA MIN ALIYAIN WA MIN MOAWEYAH BAREE” I am from Ali (belong to Ali) and from Muawiya denouncing” • Apparent meaning: I am denouncing Imam Ali [as] and Muawiya, the denouncing meaning he is denouncing his ties with Imam Ali and Muawiya. • The letter “Waw” is used as a conjunction in Apparent meaning • Unapparent Meaning: “I belong to Imam Ali [as] and am denouncing Muawiya. • The letter “Waw” is used to restart a new sentence • The Waw is a tool of conjunction and a tool to restart a new sentence. The companion is intending wow to restart a new sentence (unapparent meaning).

4. TIBAAQ • TIBAAQ means a sentence that contains contrasting or contradicting words. • TIBAAQ is divided into two types: 1. Positive TIBAAQ – When a sentence contains Contrast meaning (Dhid) (Black and White or Tall and Short) • Sura Anam 122 – Hayat and Mowth - 2. Negative TIBAAQ – When a sentence contains contradictory meanings (NAQEEDH) (This pen and Not this pen - this Thing and not this thing - synchronous and asynchronous- symmetrical and asymmetrical. • Sura Nisa 108

5. AL-MOQAABALAH • AL-MOOQAABALAH – Two words and their antonyms which are sequenced in the sentence or in sentences. • The antonym words can be in the same sentence but sequenced accordingly: • The Black Man married the White Woman • The antonym words in the sentence use the same sequence in both sentence: • The Black Tall Boy, The White Short Girl. • Sura Al Hadeed (Iron) Verse 23 • Note if it does not fall in AL-MOOQAABALAH it will be TIBAAQ. • TIBAAQ can have two words with their opposite if the words in the sentence are not in sequence.

6. AL-LAFF WAL-NASHR Multiple words referring back to multiple words without any specification to which word it refers to and it depends on the understanding of the listener [Shakir 80:31] And fruits and herbage [Shakir 80:32] A provision for you and for your cattle. These words may follow the order and the sequence or may be random. Ex: I ate and drank milk and bread. I ate and drank bread and milk. وَفَاكِهَةًوَأَبًّا مَّتَاعًالَّكُمْوَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ

7. HUSN ATTA’LEEL (Good Justification) HUSN ATTA’LEEL– The rhymesterreplaces the real cause of a known natural phenomena with a metaphorical cause that suits his poetry. The darkness of night came because my beloved died (replaced the sunset) The sun eclipsed because my wife is sad. Imam Ali (as): The world poured on me the difficulties in a way that if such had befallen on the days it would had become nights (not the sun set).