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Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of Eloquence Lesson One. From AL-BALAAGHA AL-WAADHEHA Modifications by Sheikh Safdar Razi. Introduction.
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Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of EloquenceLesson One From AL-BALAAGHA AL-WAADHEHA Modifications by Sheikh Safdar Razi
Introduction • BALAAGHA means eloquence, beautification of the word or the meaning, presenting it in a better artistic and poetic method or in a metaphorical or rhetorical meaning. • The Holy Qur’aan • Nahjul Balagha – Peak of Eloquence - Imam Ali (as)
Qur’aan • Qur’aan challenged the Arabs with its eloquence. • The Arabs couldn’t challenge the beauty that the Qur’aan brought or its unique form and style. • Qur’aan presented an art that is unique, as it is neither poetic nor NATHER (literature/khutbah). • It was its own style.
Intro to BALAAGHA • The method of BALAAGHA creates an attraction for the listener. • For example if there was a disparity in two meanings used in a metaphor, then the more disparity the meanings has, the more metaphorical beauty it possesses given that the metaphor is comprehended by the listener. • They say: The more disparity in the meaning, the sweeter it sounds. In the case of condemnation a stronger message is indicated. • Ex: He is a skunk, because he stinks. • Examples IN the lessons of BALAAGHA: Similarity in description or simile (TASHBEEH) and Metaphors (MAJAAZ).
Intro to BALAAGHA - Outline • The Book is divided into three sections. • A. AL-BADEE’ - Eloquence due to beautification of the structure of the word or the structure of the meaning. • e.g. Due to the usage of the related words in the structure of the sentence. • B. AL-BAYAAN – Eloquence due to the use of words having a secondary meaning related with the original meaning, such as similes or metaphors. In this section the focus is on beauty the speech while looking at the secondary meanings and metaphors. • C. AL-MANAE’ (Abstract): Study of the meanings indicated by various types of sentences. • Whether the sentences hold the meaning of predication or appealing (requirement), expanded sentence, or summarized sentence.
Index of Science of AL-BADEE’ • Beautification due to words; • AL-JINAAS - Complete and Incomplete • SAJE’ • IQTIBAAS • Beauty of the beginning and the end B. Beautification due to the meaning; • TAWREEYAH • TIBAAQ • ALMOQAABALAH • AL-LAFF WAL-NASHR • HOSN ATTA’LEEL (good justification) • Expression through exaggeration • Wise method • Emphasizing the praise with condemnation and opposite