WRISTBAND STANDARDIZATION

1. WRISTBAND STANDARDIZATION

2. The Literature…Rationale for Standardization in other states… • A survey conducted in Arizona in March 2006 showed that 8 different colors/methods were being used to convey DNR • 60% - No Band 2% - White13% - Blue 2% - Yellow 13% - Orange 2% - Green 6% - Purple 2% - Red

3. In PA… • In 2005, clinicians nearly failed to rescue a patient who had a cardiopulmonary arrest because the patient had been incorrectly designated as “DNR”. • Source of confusion was a nurse that had incorrectly placed a yellow wristband on the patient (which meant DNR at that hospital) • In a nearby hospital where she also works, yellow meant “restricted extremity” which was her intent as an alert

4. Proposed Plan for NH… • Establish small working group including CEO, CNE, MD, Pharmacist, quality expert, risk manager, and staff nurse to review what’s been done already • Reach consensus on the “interest and readiness” to propose a statewide initiative • Recommend adoption of an existing model with NH specific Toolkit • Develop a work plan and timetable for implementation

5. It was made clear that… The safety of patients across the state and success in this effort depends on the participation of every hospital in the state that uses wristbands for alerts. This will require a willingness to change for the greater good.

6. Rationale for banding for DNR: • Increasing number of healthcare providers are not hospital based, current processes need to take this into account. Travelers or non-clinical staff may be unaware of where to look in the medical record if they are new to your hospital • When seconds count, having an alert wristband will serve as ready communication in a crisis situation, evacuation situation, or with patients in transit • Serves as a means to communicate to the family that you are clear about their end of life wishes

7. Rationale for purple: • Blue? Most hospitals announce a code using “Code Blue” – too much potential for confusion • Orange? Many hospitals use this color to indicate the presence of an Advanced Directive • Green? Due to color blindness, avoid it

8. Why red? • Many hospitals currently use red • Red is used in other industries to imply “extreme concern” • The American National Standards Institute uses red to communicate “Stop!” or “Danger!” • When a caregiver sees a red band, they are prompted to “Stop!” and double check the medication, food, or treatment they are about to receive.

9. Allergies written on wristband? • NO! • Legibility may hinder the correct interpretation • One may assume the list is comprehensive and not check the medical record • During the hospitalization, allergies may be discovered and added to the medical record and not always a wristband

10. Why Yellow? • Other industries use yellow to imply “caution” • ANSI uses yellow to communicate “Tripping or Falling hazards” • Caregivers need to use caution with a person with a history of previous falls, dizziness or balance problems, or confusion

11. Why band for Falls? • More than a third of adults over 65 fall each year • Older adults are hospitalized for fall-related injuries 5 times more often than they are for injuries from other causes • Of those who fall, 20%-30% suffer moderate to severe injuries • Total projected cost of all fall injuries by 2020, is $43.8 billion

12. Risk Reduction Strategies • Use wristbands with the alert message pre-printed (such as DNR) • Remove any “social causes” wristband (such as Live Strong) • Remove wristbands that have been applied by another facility • Initiate banding upon admission, changes in condition, or when information is received during the hospital stay

13. Risk Reduction Strategies… • Educate patients and family members regarding purpose and meaning of wristband • Coordinate medical record/white board/care plan/door signage/stickers with the same color coding • Verify patient color-coded ‘alert’ wristbands upon assessment, hand-off of care and facility transfer communication

14. 4 Step Workplan: I. Organizational Approval • Hospitals have different committees that need to approve system wide changes that directly impact patient care. Each organization needs to assess which committees need to approve the adoption of the initiative and begin to get on meeting agendas for approval. These committees could include: Patient Safety Committee, Quality Improvement Council, Medical Staff Committee, and Board of Directors.

15. Workplan… II. Supplies Assessment and Purchase • Some New Hampshire hospitals may have a vendor they use to order wristbands. The Foundation for Healthy Communities will contact them and arrange for the standardized bands to be available. Coordinate with your Materials Management department to evaluate when current stock will be used up. Once this is known, the rest of this implementation plan will “back fill” into this date.

16. Workplan… III. Hospital Specific Documentation • Color-banding policy should be reviewed and approved if changes are made. • Hospitals should review their respective forms for possible modifications (pt. education assessments, etc.) You may want to include language that the patient received the wristband education brochure. • If a patient refuses to wear a band, you need to document this.

17. Workplan… IV. Staff and Patient Orientation, Education and Training • Hospitals need to develop staff educational material and coordinate training sessions and competency forms for employees. Consider all of the stakeholders in your hospital when it comes to color-coded wristbands and who is impacted in this system change. For example, while ultimately the nurses are the people that usually band the patient, the health unit clerks, housekeeping staff, dietary staff, and medical staff should be considered when planning educational sessions. • Hospitals should also develop education materials for patients and families.

18. Policy name: Color-coded Wristbands Purpose To have a standardized process that identifies and communicates patient specific risk factors or special needs by standardizing the use of color-coded wristbands upon the patient’s assessment, wishes, and medical status. Objectives To reduce the risk of potential for confusion associated with the use of color-coded wristbands. To communicate patient safety risks to all health care providers. Definitions The following represents the meaning of each color-coded band: Red: Allergy Purple: Do Not Resuscitate Yellow: Fall Risk

19. Options for banding…

20. Patient Refusal form… Patient Refusal to Participate in the Wristband Process • Name:_________________________________________________ • PID:________________________________________ • DOB:_______________________________________ The above named patient refuses to: (check which applies) • Wear color coded alert wristbands. The benefits of the use of color coded wristbands have been explained to me by a member of the health care team. I understand the risk and benefits of the use of color coded wristbands, and despite this information, I do not give permission for the use of color coded wristbands in my care. • Remove “Social Cause” colored wristbands (for example: “Live Strong” and others). The risks of refusing to remove the “Social Cause” colored wrist bands have been explained to me by a member of the health care team. I understand that by refusing to remove the “Social Cause” wristbands could cause confusion in my care, and despite this information, I do not give permission for the removal of the “Social Cause” colored wristbands. • Reason provided (if any):_________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ ________________________________________________ Date/Time Signature / Relationship

21. Patient Safety Information Script for use in brochures or in-hospital television • New Hampshire healthcare providers are working together to make New Hampshire the safest state in the nation. We accomplish this goal by working together on statewide projects in an endeavor to use the same methods or processes, like color-coded wristbands. Our hospital is proud to be a supporter of this collaborative work, making healthcare safer and better for patients and their families. • Statewide Patient Safety Initiatives New Hampshire has a goal of being the safest state in the nation. We accomplish this in several ways, one which includes using the same colors for “alert” wrist bands. • What is a Color-coded “Alert” Wrist Band? Alert wristbands are used in hospitals to quickly communicate a certain health care status or an “alert” that a patient may have. This is done so every staff member can provide the best care possible, even if they do not know that patient. The different colors have certain meanings. The words for the alerts are also written on the wristband to reduce the chance of confusing the alert messages. • What do the different colors mean? There are three different color-coded “alert” wristbands that we are going to discuss because they are the most commonly used in New Hampshire hospitals. RED means ALLERGY ALERT If a patient has an allergy to anything—food, medicine, dust, grass, pet hair, ANYTHING—tell us. It may not seem important to you but it could be very important in the care they receive. PURPLE means DNR or Do Not Resuscitate Some patients have expressed an end-of-life wish and we want to honor that. YELLOW means FALL RISK We want to prevent falls at all times. Nurses review patients all the time to determine if they need extra attention in order to prevent a fall. Sometimes, a person may become weakened during their illness or because they just had a surgery. When a patient has this color-coded alert wristband, the nurse is saying this person needs to be assisted when walking or they may fall.

22. Staff Competency Checklist

23. Sample Poster - Wristbands “Name of Hospital” is committed every day to providing safe patient care. This means that if you suffer from an allergy, are at risk for falling, or have chosen not to be resuscitated, you will be asked to weara wristband as an alert to those caring for you. RED— Allergy PURPLE—Do Not Resuscitate YELLOW—Fall Risk If you have any questions about this safety practice, please ask your nurse or call………... Hospital logo

24. Patient Safety Tri-Fold Patient Safety:Understandingwhat your color-coded “alert” wristbands mean Insert Hospital Logo New Hampshire healthcare providers are working together to make New Hampshire the safest state in the nation. We accomplish this goal by working together on statewide projects in an endeavor to use the same methods or processes, like color-coded wristbands The Foundation for Healthy Communities wishes to acknowledge the Arizona Hospital and Healthcare Association which developed the initial handout. Our hospital is proudto be a supporter of this collaborative work, making healthcare safer and better for patients and their families.

25. What about New Hampshire?New Hampshire has a goal of being the safest state in the nation. We accomplish this in several ways, one which includes using the same colors for “alert” wristbands. All hospitals in New Hampshire are adopting the same colors so regardless of which hospital you work at today or tomorrow, the color-coded alert wristbands should be the same color for Allergy, the same color for Fall Risk and the same color for Do Not Resuscitate. RED means Allergy Alert YELLOW means Fall Risk PURPLEmeans “DNR” The Foundation for Healthy Communities wishes to acknowledge the Arizona Hospital and Healthcare Association which developed the initial handout. Staff Education Tri-Fold How this all got started In 2005, a hospital in Pennsylvania submitted a report to the Pennsylvania Patient SafetyReporting System (PA-PSRS) describing an event in which clinicians nearly failed to rescue a patient who had a cardiopulmonary arrest because the patient had been incorrectly designated as “DNR” (do not resuscitate). The source of the confusion was that a nurse had incorrectly placed a yellow wristband on the patient. In this hospital, the color yellow signified that the patient should not be resuscitated. In a nearby hospital, in which this nurse also worked, yellow signified “restricted extremity,” meaning that this arm is not to be used for drawing blood or obtaining IV access. Fortunately, in this case, another clinician identified the mistake, and the patient was resuscitated. However, this “near miss” highlights a potential source of error and an opportunity to improve patient safety byre-evaluating the use of color-coded wristbands.* We want to thank and acknowledge this hospital for their transparency and disclosure of this event. It could have happened anywhere, and it has served as a “wake up call” to many of us. Staff Education Regarding: Color-coded “alert” wristbands Information intended for all staff, clinical and non-clinical Insert Hospital Logo

26. Frequently Asked Questions • Back in the day, we never used wristbands. Why should we consider it? While there is much discussion regarding the issue of “to band or not to band”, a literature review to date has not identified a better intervention. One may say, “In the good old days, we just looked at the chart and didn’t band patients at all”. However, those days consisted of a workforce base that was largely core staff employed by the hospital. Now, an increasing number of healthcare providers are not hospital based staff, so it is imperative that current processes take this into consideration. • We don’t use wristbands for DNRs. Why adopt this? Wristbands are used in most NH hospitals to communicate an alert. Registry staff, travelers, non-clinical staff, etc. may be unaware of where to look in the medical record if they are new to your hospital. By wearing a wristband, a quick warning is communicated to caregivers. Additionally, it is also a means to communicate to the family that we are clear about their end of life wishes. By not wearing a band, errors of omission could potentially occur.

27. Frequently Asked Questions • So, if we adopt the purple DNR wristband then do we still need to look in the chart? Yes. Code status can change throughout a hospitalization. It is important to know the current status so the patient and family wishes can be honored. Always validate that there is an order by a physician for the DNR designation. • Does the use of the wristband for DNR create a stigma? It shouldn’t if the material is presented in a sensitive manner. One suggestion is that patients be told that “we designate a DNR status so we can honor patients and their loved ones in the end of life wish. To that end, comfort and honoring that wish still requires time, attention and care – and we are committed to providing that level of care.”

28. Frequently Asked Questions… • Will people be concerned that they or their family member won’t get the care that they receive if they are wearing a DNR band? A good answer to that concern is that the care doesn’t go away – it is just different. To provide comfort and dignity to a patient during this time is just as time consuming, and in some cases, even more so because it is the human touch, the hands on type of care that is often required. • What if hospitals are already using the Braslow System for pediatric patients? Won’t it cause confusion? The Braslow system does not use the same tones/hues that are being standardized for the three safety alerts in New Hampshire hospitals. The wristbands will look distinctly different. Also, it would be rare that a child would need a fall or DNR alert band.

29. Frequently Asked Questions… • Won’t there be confusion between a red allergy alert wristband and the red band used by the blood bank? Many states have already dealt with this same issue and have concluded that even though the blood bank wrist band is red, the band looks very different because of the information written on it, i.e. a unique identifier (matching the blood products), the patient name, medical record #, physician, and date of birth. • What are the implications in terms of public perception if some hospitals don’t voluntarily adopt standardized wristbands? Hospitals should evaluate why they would not standardize the colors used for safety alert wristbands if they use them currently. If they have sound reasoning, they will be able to answer their community’s concern without any problem. If however, a hospital does use wristbands and has decided to stay with the same colors they have always used while most of the other New Hampshire hospitals are adopting the standardization; it will be tough for them to answer that question.

30. New Hampshire’s hospitals band together for patient safety November 18, 2008 CONCORD – Continuing its work in promoting better patient safety practices across New Hampshire, the Foundation for Healthy Communities, in partnership with the New Hampshire Organization of Nurse Leaders, has launched a major statewide initiative to standardize color-coded wristbands in hospitals which use them. Those hospitals will voluntarily adopt the color system by January 1, 2009. Wristbands often are used to convey specific information to physicians and nurses about a patient’s care. Each color signifies a particular care directive or alert, such as whether a patient has a medical allergy. But the system meant to keep patients safe could have unintended consequences if caregivers aren’t clear about the meanings behind the colors. “Many doctors, nurses and other practitioners work in more than one facility, each with its own set of wristband colors,” said Diane Allen, who co-chaired the Foundation’s wristband standardization initiative and is Chief Nursing Officer at Concord Hospital. “Confusion among providers is avoidable if hospitals use the same colors to represent the safety alerts.”