Ch. 28 Reproductive Physiology: It’s All About Hormones

1. Ch. 28 Reproductive Physiology: It’s All About Hormones Kristin Miller FilipaMoraes Natasha Moningka

2. Pre-assignments Students are expected to… • have read Ch. 28 • be familiar with the parts of the female and male reproductive system • Understand the concept that fertilization occurs in the female oviduct

3. Learning Goals • Students will understand that successful fertilization requires a coordinated and complex interplay of reproductive hormones

4. Learning Objectives Students will be able to: 1) list and describe the hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems 2) demonstrate how hormones are required for successful fertilization 3) compare and contrast the different methods by which contraception interferes with fertilization

5. How long does sperm remain viable within the female reproductive tract? A) 24-36 hours B) 10-14 days C) 3-7 days D) 1-5 hours E) 20-45 minutes

6. How long does sperm remain viable within the female reproductive tract? Briefly discuss in groups of 2-3

7. How long does sperm remain viable within the female reproductive tract? A) 24-36 hours B) 10-14 days C) 3-7 days D) 1-5 hours E) 20-45 minutes

8. Sex hormones are important for the production of gametes Estrogen & Progesterone Female egg Testosterone Male sperm

9. Sex hormones are important for the production of gametes Estrogen & Progesterone Female egg Testosterone Male sperm

10. A hormone called gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or GnRH, signals the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone Pituitary gland GnRH Figure adapted from Beatrice the Biologist™ 2010

11. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) signals to the ovaries to enlarge and to release estrogen ovary FSH Figure adapted from Beatrice the Biologist™ 2010

12. Estrogen stimulates immature eggs, or follicles, within the ovary to mature • Estrogen also prepares the endometrium to thicken • Increasing levels of estrogen trigger the brain to release a surge of luteinizing hormone estrogen brain Figure adapted from Beatrice the Biologist™ 2010

13. Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation LH Figure adapted from Beatrice the Biologist™ 2010

14. Activity: CONCEPT MAP • Work in groups of ~3 to make a flow chart diagram of hormones involved in reproduction • Use directional arrows that include a word or a phrase to help explain the relationship between your terms • We will ask for a group to volunteer in explaining their map to the rest of the class

15. Think-pair-share (8 minutes) Using your concept map, think about the available methods to prevent conception (stop signs), and place them on your map. Give examples of: • a physical barrier • a chemical barrier • a hormonal method

16. Male and female condom, b) Diaphragm, c) Cervical cap. All of these prevent sperm from entering the uterus (physical barrier) and are typically used with spermicidal foams or jellies that contain sperm –inactivating chemicals (chemical barrier)

17. Male and female condom, b) Diaphragm, c) Cervical cap. All of these prevent sperm from entering the uterus (physical barrier) and are typically used with spermicidal foams or jellies that contain sperm –inactivating chemicals (chemical barrier) a) Combination pills, b) skin patch, c) cervical ring, d) mini-pill, e) regular injection, f) an implant. All of these are female hormonal contraceptives that contain a combination of synthetic estrogen and progesterone only. All hormonal methods prevent pregnancy in 3 major ways: 1) thicken of the cervical mucus, obstructing sperm moving to reach the oviducts, 2) prevent ovulation 3) thin the endometrium, so it cannot support the implantation of an embryo.

18. Male and female condom, b) Diaphragm, c) Cervical cap. All of these prevent sperm from entering the uterus (physical barrier) and are typically used with spermicidal foams or jellies that contain sperm –inactivating chemicals (chemical barrier) a)Combination pills, b) skin patch, c) cervical ring, d) mini-pill, e) regular injection, f) an implant. All of these are female hormonal contraceptives that contain a combination of synthetic estrogen and progesterone only. All hormonal methods prevent pregnacny in three major ways: 1) thicken of the cervical mucus, obstructing sperm moving to reach the oviducts, 2) prevent ovulation 3) thin the endometrium, so it cannot support the implantation of an embryo. The small T-shaped intrauterine device (IUD), a long-term contraceptive option, that typically contains copper or another metal. It is inserted into the base of the uterus and prevents pregnancy by 1) thickening the cervical mucus, impeding sperm from entering the uterus, 2) weakening the endometrium, making it less able to support an embryo

19. Review of Chapter 28 Material Birth control pills… • shorten the viability of sperm • prevent ovulation • physically impedes the sperm from fertilizing the egg • shortens the viability of the egg • are 100% effective for preventing fertilization

20. Learning Objectives Students will be able to: 1) list and describe the hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems 2) demonstrate how hormones are required for successful fertilization 3) compare and contrast the different methods by which contraception interferes with fertilization

21. Supplementary Slides for Instructor

23. A list of key terms for concept map PROCESSES HORMONES STRUCTURES Anterior Pituitary Gland Follicle Stimulating Hormone Ovaries Luteinizing Hormone ovulation Corpus Luteum Estrogen fertilization Endometrium Oviduct Progesterone Gametes Testosterone Sperm egg

24. Sample concept map Anterior Pituitary Gland Released in response to estrogen Released in response to GnRH Follicle Stimulating Hormone Acts on fertilization Luteinizing Hormone Ovaries occurs in the release an is the signal for Oviduct ovulation egg Is the signal for the release of releases Endometrium Sperm matures into this after ovulation Estrogen aids in development of thickens the Testosterone releases Progesterone Corpus Luteum

25. Key terms for categorized concept maps • Preparation for ovulation: • Anterior pituitary gland • Follicle stimulating hormone • Ovaries • Estrogen • Endometrium • Ovulation: • Estrogen • Luteinizing hormone • Ovaries • Ovulation • Egg • Maturation of Ovary: • Luteinizing hormone • Ovaries • Egg • Ovulation • Corpus luteum • Progesterone • Endometrium • Fertilization: • Luteinizing hormone • Ovaries • Egg • Testosterone • Sperm • Fertilization • oviduct