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Function Point Training

Function Point Training. Instructor: David Longstreet David@SoftwareMetrics.Com www.SoftwareMetrics.Com 816-739-4058. Two Day Schedule. Day One Function Point Concepts Measurement Theory Estimating Models Day Two Function Point Case Studies More on Estimating Models. Course Objectives.

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Function Point Training

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  1. Function Point Training Instructor: David Longstreet David@SoftwareMetrics.Com www.SoftwareMetrics.Com 816-739-4058 www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  2. Two Day Schedule • Day One • Function Point Concepts • Measurement Theory • Estimating Models • Day Two • Function Point Case Studies • More on Estimating Models www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  3. Course Objectives • Understand and apply function point concepts • Understand basics of measurement theory • Introduction to software economics • Review/remember some basic statistical concepts www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  4. Estimate the Surface Area of aA can of diet coke www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  5. A different perspective www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  6. Who is David Longstreet • Metrics • Background • Clients • Research • Publishing • Teaching www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  7. My Metrics • Over 2 million frequent flyer miles • Consulted on every continent except Antarctica • Presented papers at conferences in USA, Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  8. Cities www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  9. And…Milwaukee www.MAM.org www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  10. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  11. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  12. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  13. Website Metrics • About 15,000 unique visitors per month • Over 7,000 visitors view more than 5 pages • Over 1,000 visitors view more than 20 pages. • Free manual is viewed over 15,000 times per month. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  14. Clients • Clients include Banking & Finance, Aerospace, Retailers, Animal Food, Telephony, Consulting Companies, Medical Research, Defense Contractors, Automotive, Universities, Government Agencies and others • Some clients: MasterCard, Amadeus, Ralston Purina, Lockheed, Transamerica, DirecTV, Biologic, Accenture, Motorola, Nissan, others… www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  15. Type of Work • Productivity Assessments • Benchmark Studies • Estimating Models • Mergers and Acquisitions • Venture Capital and Initial Public Offerings • Outsourcing Agreements • Expert Testimony www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  16. Learning from organizations(ethology) • Collect both quantitative and qualitative data • Observe behaviors, customs, rituals, myths and ways of life • Examine artifacts and physical evidence • Build holistic picture of organization • Trend the industry as a whole www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  17. Worst Practices • No historical data • Failure to monitor and report status • Creating analysis documentation after coding • Excessive and irrational schedule pressures • Failure to establish clear acceptance criteria • Reduce testing time to make schedule www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  18. Research • Dale Jorgenson, Harvard Business School • Historical Study of Productivity Rates for Software Development (1950 – present). • Bureau of Economic Analysis • Methods of collecting and reporting software productivity rates based upon Function Points. • Measuring the IT Economy. • Securities Exchange Commission www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  19. Adjunct Professor(Avila University MBA & Graduate Psychology) • Industrial Organization Psychology • Managerial Economics • Statistics • Quantitative Analysis • E-Commerce www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  20. There are lies, dammed lies and statistics. Mark Twain Hannibal, Missouri www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  21. Negative things I have heard…. • Software Voodoo! • Figures won't lie but liars will figure • You may prove anything with metrics. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  22. Scientific Method • Knowledge comes from • Systematic observation • Measurement of particular variables & events • Develop both descriptive & predictive metrics. • Descriptive: describes current environment • Predictive: used to estimate www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  23. Theory of Measurement • The use of numbers to represent events, variables and characteristics. • Quantitative variables • Qualitative variables www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  24. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  25. What gets measured gets done • Partially Correct • What gets rewarded gets repeated • Measurements without consequences get ignored. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  26. Background Summary • Constantly learning • Industry diverse client base • Geographically diverse client base • Research/Publishing • Growing industry knowledge • Better ways to teach and instruct www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  27. Measurement Theory • Introduction to measurement • Productivity • Scientific method • Historical perspective • Introduction to software economics • The idea of function points www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  28. Measurement Theory • Concept not new to many other disciplines • Scientific Method • Relatively new to software development www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  29. Productivity • The output-input ratio within a time period with due consideration for quality. • Productivity = outputs/inputs www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  30. Improving Productivity(reducing unit costs) • Costs/FP • Hours/FP • We can mathematical reduce unit cost by • Reducing Cost • Increasing FP produced www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  31. Productivity • It is difficult (maybe impossible) to reduce productivity by reducing cost. • Cost / FP • In fact, for each $1 reduction in cost increases cost/fp by about $1.18 www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  32. Effectiveness v. Efficiency • Effectiveness is the achievement of objectives • Efficiency is the achievement of the ends with least amount of resources. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  33. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  34. International Weights & Measures • International weights and standards • Standardization in 1863 • Motivation for international weights & standards was driven by trade and specifically international trade. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  35. Concepts from Industrial Revolution • Management methods 1901 • Break - Even charts 1903 • Centralized accounting 1908 • Total Quality Management 1950’s www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  36. Size of Largest Projects Since 1970 www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  37. Hours/FP Since 1970(Unit Cost) www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  38. Software Past, Present, Future www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  39. Failure Rates are High • 75% of metrics programs fail. • 70 – 80% of people who try to stop smoking do not succeed. • 60% of Alcoholics return to drinking. • 93% of of those addicted to gambling gamble again within 1 year. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  40. If at first you don’t succeed • The most thoroughly accepted notions in psychology is the principle that behavior eventually extinguishes if it is not followed by reward. • What gets rewarded gets done! www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  41. Psychology Software Economics Organizational Behavior Social Psychology Software Development Economics Statistics www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  42. Software Economics • Study Prices and Costs • Study Behavior • Study the whys • Comparative analysis www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  43. Inputs All systems have….. Storage Outputs www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  44. Transactions Inputs Inquiries (reads) Outputs (calculations) Storage Maintained Data Referenced Data Two Major Categories www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  45. Validity of Function Points • Face Validity • Does this make sense? • Predictive Validity • Useful for predicting effort, time, cost, other? • Convergent Validity • Do FP’s move in same direction as LOC, Test Cases, Use Cases, Objects www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  46. Face Validity • Does this idea make sense? • Can a software application be sized by looking at transactions and files? • Are there other items we need to consider? www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  47. Predictive Validity • Does function points actually predict what it is suppose to predict? • To what degree (how accurate) • The effort required to implement 5,000 fp's is more than 500 fp’s? • How about 4,500 fp’s v. 5,000 fp’s? www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  48. Predictive Validity(other inputs) • How accurate is historical time reporting, staffing levels, defect tracking? • Hours Per Function Point • Duration Per Function Point • Defects Per Function Point • How accurate are project plans? www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  49. Convergent Validity • Function Points x 1.2 approximates test cases. • Lines of Code divided by 100 approximates function points. • Varies by language • Seems to be a positive relationship between test cases and function points • More staff is needed as function points increase. www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

  50. Measurement Theory • Introduction to measurement • Productivity • Scientific method • Historical perspective • Introduction to software economics • The idea of function points www.SoftwareMetrics.Com

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