REFORESTATION WITH THE PERMACULTURE OF OIL-BEARING TREES A WAPON AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING

1. REFORESTATIONWITH THE PERMACULTURE OF OIL-BEARING TREESA WAPON AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING PROF. HANS-JÜRGEN FRANKE JATROPHA-RESEARCH-NET ARACAJU - BRAZIL – 2008 E-Mail: franke.hans.brasil@gmail.com Telefon: 00-55-79-3243-2209

2. REFORESTATIONWITH THE PERMACULTURE OF OIL-BEARING TREES kA WAPON AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING INNOVATIVE GREEN-BELT-POLITICS IN SOUTH-EUROPE AND TURKEY TO STOP DESERTIFICATION Theprocessof Global Warming is quasiirresistible , thereforewemustact now. RecentForest-Fire-Catastrophes in Portugal, Spain, GreeceandTurkey are beginning to motivateGovernments , CommunitiesandNon-Governmantal- Organisations to rethinkstrategies , aimingtheimplantationofinnovativegreen-belt-politics , to stoptheprocessoflatentdesertification. JATROPHA-EXPERIMENT IN LUXOR In thedesertofEgyptnearLuxor a groupofinternationalcientistsmadestudiesabout more than 30 desert-trees, to identify a speciewithadequatecharacteristic to survive in desertregions. Thewinnerwastheoil-bearingtree JATROPHA CURCAS. Jatropha is a treewithdeeproots , drought-resistentandable to survivewithbrakishwater. Thisjatropha-plantationnearLuxor, usingwaterfrom o sewage-plantreallydemonstratedhighyield pro year, reachingabout 3.000 litersofplant-oil . Basedontheresultofthis experimental plantationresearch-groups are developingconcepts to melioratetheyieldofthiswildspecie , whichneeds some more geneticalstudies. Theteamofdesert-research in the Jacob BlausteinInstitute in Israel is justresearchingthegenomeofdesert-treeswithdeeproots. It wouldbeinterestingforethebiofdiesel-industry to receivesoonseedlingsofjatrophacurcas , withmeliorationofthedeep-root-system, inoculatingcharacteristicsof some otherdesert-treeslikepistachioorargan-tree, withelevatedcondition to createdeeptap-roots. Bythiswaywecanmake great plantations in wastelandordry-regionslikecaatingaorcerrado in Braziloreven in theborderland in thesouthofTurkeynearthefrontierwithSyria. NECESSITY OF AN INTERNATIONAL TASK-FORCE TheGovernmentofTurkeymustconvocateaninternationalTask-Force to develop a national MEGA-PROGRAM JATROPHA, liketheMega-Programa JatrophaoftheBrasilianAssociationoftheBiodiesel-Industry ABIODIESEL. ECO-SYSTEM-HAZARDS DRY-LAND FOREST FIRE WATER-DEFICIENCY

3. PERMACULTURE WITH OIL-BEARING TREES STRATEGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF A TURKISH JATROPHA-PROGRAM Regional productionofJatropha-Diesel bringsenergy-autonomy TheRegionbetweentheTaurus-MountainsandtheFrontierwithSyria is just a districtwithcultivationofolives. Thecountrymenofthisregion are able to diversify , able to plantalsooilbearingtrees for theproductionof biodiesel, to help bythisway, to increase a local energy-autonomy, avoidinganexpensiveimportoffossilpetroleum. Creationofemploymentandincome in remoteregions Thecreationof nurseries and great plantationswillincrease regional working-powerandmelioratetheincomeof local familaragriculture . Bythiswaywecanavoidmigrationfromremoteregions. Revitalisationofwasteland combate of global warming Thegenerationofextensiveareaswiththecloudingofthe hot anddrygroundcan help to reducethetemperatureofmicrorregionsandwillbeanimportantcontribution , to downsize global warming. Increaseofwaterquantity in dryareas withdeep-roottrees Jatropha, Jojoba , Pongamia are specieswithdeeproots , producing a more permeableland, withincreaseofwater-retention , creatinglessdroughtand a betterclimate –situation. More productivitywithculture-mix Plantations in formofgreenfenceswillavoiderosionandcreategoodconditions for a crop-mix , avoidingcompetionbetween DISH and TANK. Jatropha , JojobaandPongamia are durableperma-cultureswithlifetimebeween 50 and 150 years. CreationoflucrativePermaculture CAN PUSH REVITALISATION-PROGRAMS Politicsofrevitalisationofwastelandoften are sufferingboycott, becausewithlackofprofitnobodywillparticipate in ecologicalprojects. TheGovernmentsof States withinterest, to pushthebioenergy-production, need to cooperatewithuniversity-research, to find out anoptimizedconceptandmasterplan for a lucrativemixtureofoil-bearingtreesandplantation-regulations , to avoid great areasofmonoculture for theindustryofbiocombustiblesworldwide. With a good mix ofoil-bearingtreeswecan solve thistask. EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME INCREASE OF WATER LUCRATIVE PERMACULTURE MIX OF DIFFERENT OILBEARING TREES JOJOBA-FARMING

4. JACOB BLAUSTEIN INSTITUT OF DESERT RESEARCH STUDIES THE GNOM OF DESERT-TREES Gen-Technology is able to criate green belts , to stop the desert. The life of millions of people is endangered , if we are not able to live together with the danger of drought in regions with few water. In the middle of the Negev-Desert the Jacab Blaustein Institut is making advanced research to study the charteristics of desert-plants and trees, even the metabolic engineering of micro-algae like cyanobacterias. PISTACHIO-TREE NEAR THE INSTITUT BIOTECHNOLOGY OF PLANTS AND TREES OF DESERT-REGIONS The scientists in Bersheva / Israel are making studies about the genome of different trees, with deap roots and with high lifetime . The hard conditions of survival in desert-regions is leading to a strong selection of species and only the best adapted plants in the desert will resiste . These plants and trees are developping especial genetic characteristics , to subsiste with stress, strong solar irradiation, extrem heat, long periods of dryness and saliniferous soils . Near the Jacob Blaustein Institut exist um pistachio-tree, more than 300 years old. Cientist began to decrypt the genetical code of this pistachio. They discovered a gene , responsible for the stress-resistance of this tree and detected it in the pullulate. They called the enzyme with the name " Dehydrin" . With this information began a lot of research. Mapping this Dehydrin-Gen they resolved, to transplant this genetical information in other plants. By this way other species are able to survive better in deserts or semi-arid regions. This innovation allows , to produce food in dry regions or to melhorate the yield of oil-bearing trees, like jatropha, jojoba or pongamia, enabeling these species , to survive in dry regions and to produce plantoil with higher yield. By this way semi-arid regions can participate in strategies against global warming, permitting great plantations of lucrative permacultures in the Sahel, in the Brazilian Cerrado or in the Sertão. HOW TO TRANSFORM THE GNOM OF OIL-BEARING TREES LIKE JATROPHA , CREATING DEEP TAP-ROOTS ? SEMI-ARID REGIONS NEAR MOUNTAINS HAVE ALWAYS A LOT OF GROUND-WATER , BUT THE FARMING NEEDS IN THE BEGINNING ARTIFICIAL IRRIGATION. PERMACULTURES WITH DEEP-ROOTS CAN SURVIVE IN THE SEMI-DESERT. Olive-tree – 1700 yearsold

5. HOW TO TRANSFER TECHNOLGY FOR A FUTURE JATROPHA – PILOT-PROJECT IN TURKEY 2. STEP:TRANSFER OF KNOW – HOW OF JATROPHA FARMINGJATROPHA-DIESEL – NET : COMPETENCE – NETWORKEXPERIENCES FROM EUROPE, INDIA , AFRICA AND LATINAMERICA TheTurkishGovermentandtheAssociation ALBIYOBIR need to organize in a 5 Year-Program a national MEGA-PROJECT JATROPHA , aimingwithprioritytheRegionoftheSouthofTurkey, nearthefrontierwithSyria, forming a PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP ( Companies, CooperativesandResearch-Insitutions, with help ofanInternationalConsultant-Team). Important is the future cooperationwithGermany, Israel andBrazil. Turkeycan realize this enterprise in a fewyears. Jatrophaneeds 4 years to produce. ThelifetimeofJatropha: 50 years , ofJojoba : 150 years. In Permaculture-Farmingwecandevelop a crop-mix, to avoidmonoculture. 1.STEP: CREATION OF MEGA-NURSERIES OF JATROPHA IN DIFFERENT REGIONS 3. STEP : DECENTRALISATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING IN UNITS SMALL: 20.000.000 LITERS ( 7.000 HECTARE ) TO MEDIUM: 50.000.000 LITERS (16.000 HECTARE) MINI BIODIESEL – UNITS MEDIUM – SCALE – REFINERY TO PRODUCE BIODIESEL WITH EU-NORM EN 14214