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CURRENT ISSUES IN FOOD SAFETY Brian Shawn Eblen Senior Scientist

CURRENT ISSUES IN FOOD SAFETY Brian Shawn Eblen Senior Scientist. Lecture Outline. What are some food safety problems facing the United States How are regulatory agencies and industry attempting to solve these problem? New technologies Fill in data gaps Broader approaches.

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CURRENT ISSUES IN FOOD SAFETY Brian Shawn Eblen Senior Scientist

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  1. CURRENT ISSUES IN FOOD SAFETY Brian Shawn Eblen Senior Scientist

  2. Lecture Outline • What are some food safety problems facing the United States • How are regulatory agencies and industry attempting to solve these problem? • New technologies • Fill in data gaps • Broader approaches

  3. Salmonellosis, US 1960-96 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 Source : MMWR

  4. Foodborne Illness (FBI) in US • 1.4 episodes of diarrhea / person/ year • 76 million illnesses • 323,000 hospitalizations • 5,200 deaths • $5.6 billion per year • Food product recalls for life threatening bacteria have increased

  5. Why is FBI Increasing? • Complex food chain • Increased shelf life • Globalization of food supply • More meals being eaten out • More at-risk people • New/unusual foods/food preparation • New more virulent microorganisms • Better detection methods

  6. Factors Affecting FBI (Change) Environment Pathogen Host

  7. Electrification Automobile Airplane Water Supply/Distribution Electronics Radio/Television Farm Mechanization Computers Telephone Air conditioning/ Refrigeration Highways Spacecraft Internet Imaging Household Appliances Health Technologies Petroleum/Petrochemical Technologies Laser/Fiberoptics Nuclear Technologies High-Performance Materials Greatest Technological Achievements of the 20th Century

  8. Microbial Pathogens • Bacteria • Viruses • Protozoa • Fungi Listeria monocytogenes (DennisKunkel.com)

  9. Impact -- Better measurement of foodborne illness Calicivirus Campylobacter Salmonella C. perfringens Giardia S. aureus 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 0

  10. Calicivirus: NLV & Sapporo • Family Caliciviridae • Positive strand polyadentylated RNA viruses • NAKED SINGLE STRAND RNA • Note the “Star of David” image

  11. Contamination Model Human/Animal Waste Water Secondary Carriers Food

  12. Internalization of Pathogens Figure 2  Figure 3 Control Fruit (Fig. 1)

  13. Mangos Almonds Potatoes Soft cheese Infant formula Dry Cereal Seed/bean sprouts Salsa Cantaloupe Fruit juices Berries New or Non-traditional Foods Associated With Recent Outbreaks

  14. Finding a pathogen on food is very difficult! • Problem • Finding a needle in the haystack • Great distances • Small size • Alien environment • Best approach • prevention Cyclospora cayetanensis

  15. Intentional Contamination • Rajneeshee Cult – Salmonella typhimurium in restaurant salad bar • Poison Chilean grapes • Anthrax in letters

  16. Challenges of a food Defense Incident • Food defense incident would immediately lead to need for experts in • Determination of potential agents • Agent characteristics and behavior • Agent detection and inactivation • Treatment and containment • Capabilities of FDA laboratories • Would also likely result in need for rapid mobilization of research capability

  17. C. botulinum Toxicity Comparison with other toxins

  18. Mouse Bioassay

  19. For C. botulinum neurotoxin the mouse is the most sensitive detection system (pg) • For other exotic agents, animals are the only way to quantify enough agent to test. • Expensive • Rate limiting and time consuming • Major Hurdle

  20. ELISA Anti-dig-POD (poly), Fab Dig-labeled second IgG Botulinum toxin Capture IgG Positives turns yellow

  21. Hand-Held Toxin Y-toxinY --toxin antibody -toxin labeled with gold particle Positive Negative

  22. New Technologies Molecular subtyping network Network of public health laboratories including food regulatory laboratories • "DNA fingerprinting“ • E. coli O157:H7 • Salmonella • Shigella • Listeria • Can be scanned, compared, transmitted, and accessed electronically

  23. Positive toad sampled matched to a patient in Virginia

  24. Advanced Intervention Technologies • UV treatment • Pulsed Electric Fields • High Pressure • Irradiation • Membranes • Chemical Preservatives • Bright light • Ozone

  25. Overall Strategy • Inspection, examination, testing • Regulatory enforcement • Surveillance • Education and training • Outreach and guidance • Research • Risk assessment • Coordination

  26. CONCLUSIONS • Foodborne illness remains a critical public health problem • Counterterrorism efforts will help with the food safety problem • Science-based solutions reduce foodborne illness.

  27. Prevention is the Primary Barrier to Safeguard Food Safety Prevention

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