Phonics

1. Phonics Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

2. Phonics • The intersection of Phonological Awareness and Print Awareness • Alphabetics • Sight Words • Onset-Rime • Morphology • Orthography Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

3. Adams, 1990 Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

4. Morrison, 2011 Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

5. Alphabetics • Lettersounds • Sounds of letter combinations Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

6. Phonics Teaching Sequence • Letter identification • Letter sounds • 2 letter blending and segmenting (cv or vc) • cvc blending and segmenting • ccvc, cvcc, cvcv blending and segmenting Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

7. Try this… • Using the magnetic letter boards, teach the phonics sequence to your neighbor • Before you begin, select just a few letters to focus on • Make sure to include an e and one other vowel, so you can make cvce words Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

8. Reading Efficiency Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

9. Efficient Reading • In order for older students to become efficient readers, they need to read words in chunks or by whole word rather than sound-by-sound • Rapid naming: Measure of reading efficiency • Test of how quickly a child can name letters or colors • Fluency tests, such as letter naming fluency, oral reading fluency, etc Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

10. Sight Words v. High Frequency Words Sight Words High Frequency Words Decodable Are used most frequently in a given context Can also be sight words • Difficult to decode using rules of English, don’t “play by the rules” • Can also be high frequency • Read as whole words Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

11. Sight and High Frequency Words • These terms are often used interchangeably, but they aren’t necessarily the same things • Both lead to reading fluency which increases reading comprehension • Reading fluency: Reading with speed, accuracy, and prosody Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

12. Sight Words • Sound out these words: • The • One • Sure • Wild • Using the regular rules for decoding doesn’t lead to accurate pronunciation of the word Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

13. High Frequency Words • Lists of most frequently used words • Dolch list, Fry list • Organized by age and grade progression Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

14. Onset-Rime • If a child knows the word found, they will be able to read the word round more easily • Word families • Onset is the consonant before the first vowel • Rime is everything after the first vowel • Example: • Str-ay, fr-ay, pl-ay Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

15. Morphology • Morpheme: the smallest unit of a word that has meaning • Prefixes and suffixes • Tricycle • Redirected Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

16. Syllables • A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds • Comprised by a vowel and one or more consonants • May, but do not necessarily, have meaning when standing alone Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

17. Syllable Types • Closed syllable: cat • Open syllable: me • V-e syllable: cake • -le syllable: puzzle • R-controlled syllable: burn • Double vowel syllables: boat Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

18. Orthography • Describes the graphemes, diacritics, and punctuation used in a language and rules for writing these symbols • More commonly defined as “common spelling patterns”, but actually includes more Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

19. Consonants • Consonant digraphs…sounds represented by letter combinations at the beginning of words like ship, chip, thin and whip, and at the end of click and sing • Consonant blends…the initial sound combinations at the beginning of words like stop, tree, black, flag, and at the end of send and left • Silent letters…letters that have no corresponding sound in words such as the k in knead the b in lamb Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

20. Vowels • Short vowels…vowel sounds that occur in words like cat /a/ hen /e/ pig /i/ dog /o/ and bug /u/ • Long vowels…vowel sounds that occur in words like ate /ā/ eat /ē / ice /ī/ oat /ō/ and use /ū/ • Vowel digraphs…two vowel letters that make a single vowel sound such as the /ŏ/ in boat or the /ŏŏ/ in good • Vowel diphthongs…two vowel letters that make a blended or glided sound such as the oi in boil and the ou in shout Ann Morrison, Ph.D.