plant

2. plant • any organism that makes its own food, is eukaryotic and multicellular, and has organized tissues, plastids and cell walls containing cellulose

3. morphology • the exterior shape or form of an organism

4. anatomy • the inside workings of an organism

5. Major Plant Organs • roots • stems • leaves • flowers

6. node • a region on a stem where a leaf is or was attached

7. root • the primary plant organ that absorbs water and minerals

8. Root Systems • tap root • a type of root system having one or a few main roots that are thicker and longer than the other roots of the plant

9. Root Systems • fibrous • a type of root system having a cluster of roots that are about equal in size

10. stem • the only plant organ that has nodes • supports the leaves

11. Types of Stems • woody • herbaceous

12. leaf • a plant organ that does not have a node but is connected to a stem at a node

13. blade • the flat part of the leaf

14. petiole • the part of the leaf between the node and the blade

15. veins • conducting tissues for water and sugar

16. pinnate venation • one main vein with smaller veins branching from it

17. parallel venation • veins are all parallel to each other

18. palmate venation • veins branch away from the base of the leaf

19. parallel pinnate palmate

20. Classifying Leaves • simple • has one single, undivided blade • compound • has a blade divided into leaflets

21. Leaves • alternate • only one leaf attached at a node

22. Leaves • opposite • two leaves attached at a node

23. Leaves • whorled • three or more leaves attached at a node

24. plant • any organism that makes its own food, is eukaryotic and multicellular, and has organized tissues, plastids, and cell walls containing cellulose

25. chloroplasts • convert light energy from the sun to food via photosynthesis

26. Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water + light energy sugar + oxygen

27. xylem • characterized by long, hollow cells that carry water • conducts water and dissolved minerals upward

28. xylem

29. heartwood heartwood • dead xylem cells that contain tars or resins

30. sapwood sapwood • xylem that still functions in transporting water and minerals

31. phloem • conducts dissolved food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant

32. phloem xylem

33. vascular bundle • a strand of vascular tissue in the leaves, young plants, and non-woody stems

34. vascular bundle

35. fibers • long, thick-walled cells that function to support a plant

36. epidermis • a tissue that serves as a protective covering layer

37. cuticle • the protective covering surrounding the epidermis

38. bark • the outer covering of woody plants

39. vascular cambium • makes new xylem and new phloem cells

40. vascular cambium xylem phloem

41. cork cambium • a layer of living cells just under the dead cork, which constantly divides, producing new cork cells

42. cork cambium vascular cambium xylem phloem

43. Classifying Plants • nonvascular plants • vascular plants • seeded • seedless

44. vascular plant • a plant which has tissuesthat conduct water and other materials

45. nonvascular plant • a plant which lacks tissues that conduct water and other materials

46. nonvascular plant • tall or short? • materials transported by diffusion

47. diffusion • molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

48. nonvascular plant • mosses • liverworts • hornworts

49. “leaf” capsule spores stalk rhizoid

50. spore • a cell with a hard, protective covering