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Establishing A Passing Standard. Paul D. Naylor, Ph.D. Psychometric Consultant. Standard Setting. The process used to arrive at a passing score Lowest score permitting entry to the field Recommended Standard. Validity is About Interpretation. Evidence to support the interpretation
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Establishing A Passing Standard Paul D. Naylor, Ph.D. Psychometric Consultant
Standard Setting • The process used to arrive at a passing score • Lowest score permitting entry to the field • Recommended Standard Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Validity is About Interpretation • Evidence to support the interpretation • What standard setting system was used? • What was the rationale for selecting it? • What was the qualification of those who participated? Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Standards • Mandated • Norm-referenced • Criterion-referenced Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Mandated Standards • Often used in licensing • Difficult to defend • Not related to minimum qualification Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Norm-referenced Standards • Popular in schools • Limits entry • Inconsistent results Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Criterion-referenced Standards • Wide acceptqnce in professional testing • Determines minimum qualification • Not test population dependant • Exam or item centered Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Procedures • Angoff (modified) • Nedelsky • Ebell • Others Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Minimally Competent Performance • Minimum acceptable performance • Minimal qualification • Borderline • It’s all relative Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Angoff Method • Judges • Selection • Training • Probabilities • Would vs Should • Rater Agreement • Tabulation Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
1. How many goals are on a basketball court? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
2. How many halves are in a college basketball game? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
3. How many quarters are in a high school basketball game? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
4. How many points does a 3- point field goal account for in a basketball game? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
5. How many teams are in the NCAA Men’s Basketball National Championship Tournament? A. 48 B. 64 C. 65 D. 32 Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Application • Adjustment • Angoff Values • Alternative Forms of Exam • Passing Score Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Validity Evidence • How was the passing score set? • Who set the passing score? Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Minimum Requirements • Description of method • Results of method used • List of participants and qualifications • Demographics • Credentials • Affiliations Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
Additional Evidence • Data from method used • Description of training given to participants • Definition of minimum qualification Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri
References • Livingston, S.A. & Zieky, M.J. (1982). Passing Scores. ETS. • Cizek, C.J. Standard setting guidelines. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practices, 15 (1), 13-21, 12. • CLEAR Exam Review (Winter 2001, Summer 2001, and others) Presented at CLEAR's 2004 Annual ConferencePresented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri