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Centre for Food Policy

Centre for Food Policy. Food Systems: Food Policy and Governance perspectives. GECAFS Food Systems workshop 21-22 October 2004 Medical Research Council, London David Barling Centre for Food Policy School of Allied Health Sciences City University. Some key themes.

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Centre for Food Policy

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  1. Centre for Food Policy

  2. Food Systems: Food Policy and Governanceperspectives GECAFS Food Systems workshop 21-22 October 2004 Medical Research Council, London David Barling Centre for Food Policy School of Allied Health Sciences City University

  3. Some key themes • The food system is increasingly complex • Witnessed a food revolution in last century • Changing patterns of governance • Major policy challenges • Focus esp. on near consumption end

  4. 20th century food revolution • new products, processes & intensification • new distribution & logistics • Transformation of ‘nature’: rise of genetics • impact on health, environment and culture • pressure on control systems, rise of supply chain management • Primacy of marketing, brands, price

  5. Key change factors are… • Market globalisation: penetration of new food markets • Technological change in work and leisure • Urbanization and rising incomes • Cuts in real food price • Shopping opportunities - from small stores to supermarkets

  6. Key change factors (cont.)… • Concentration, i.e. emergence of national, regional and global giants • Integrated management control systems • Global sourcing (now + rhetoric of localism) • Marketing: systematic moulding of and response to consumer consciousness • Pursuit of brand value

  7. … this has shifted power • from State to Corporation: emergence of dual regulatory structures (State/Corp’n) • from Farm to Retail + Trade: • from National to Regional/global: e.g. rise of WTO + Codex/ EFSA • from Citizenship to Consumerism

  8. Current State policy focus is on safety…when it ought to be on the (social) features of food policy… • Health: nutrition & degenerative disease • Environment: causes of pollution, lifestyle, energy use, resource depletion (e.g. water and biodiversity) • Consumerism: price and cost internalisation • Culture: people skills

  9. Challenges Look at 2 key challenges to the food system with focus on the consumption end: • Market power and corporate concentration • Nutrition and health Could add 3. externalities & 4. waste

  10. Challenge 1: Market Power and corporate concentration Look at concentration along the food chain especially near consumption end

  11. European Grocery Turnover • Source: IGD Research, 2001 • Published in: European Grocery Retailing… now and in the future…, Press Release, February 26th 2001, IGD

  12. IGD European Retail Index (ERI) • Source: IGD Research; Market shares - IGD Research & estimates/M&M Eurodata; published in: European Grocery Retailing… now and in the future…, February, 2001, IGD

  13. World's Top 20 Grocery Retailers,by Turnover (2000) • Source: IGD (2002), Global Retailing • Letchmore Health: Institute of Grocery Retailing, pg 113

  14. World's Top 20 Grocery Retailers,by Foreign Sales (2000) • Source: IGD (2002), Global Retailing; Letchmore Health: Institute of Grocery Retailing, pg 113

  15. source: J Grievink Cap Gemini / OECD 2003

  16. Top 10 global food processors, 2001, $bn In 2001 General Mills bought Pillsbury from Diageo Source - Company Annual Reports, 2000 $Bn

  17. Rank Co. AgChem Sales $m 1 Syngenta 5,385 2 Aventis 3,842 3 Monsanto 3,755 4 BASF 3,105 5 Dow 2,612 6 Bayer 2,418 7 DuPont 1,917 World’s top 7 agrochemical companies 2001 source: Agrow 2002

  18. Challenge 2: Nutrition and Health • Nutrition Transition: dietary change  health impact • Health policy: degenerative diseases deserve higher priority than safety

  19. Major dietary changes: the nutrition transition • Rise of meat, sugar, refined foods • Drop in fibre, & often in fruit & veg • Change in tastes • Change in production and food systems

  20. Death, by broad cause group 2000 Total deaths: 55,694,000 Noncommunicable conditions (59.0%) Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies (31.9%) Injuries (9.1%) Source: WHO, World Health Report 2001

  21. 2020(baseline scenario) 1990 Global burden of disease 1990 - 2020 by disease group in developing countries Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies Noncommunicable conditions Neuropsychiatricdisorders Injuries Source: WHO, Evidence, Information and Policy, 2000

  22. Deaths, by broad cause group and WHO Region, 2000 % 75 50 25 Source: WHO, World Health Report 2001 EMR SEAR WPR EUR AFR AMR Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies Noncommunicable conditions Injuries

  23. Communicable, maternal/perinatal cond.,nutr. deficiencies Noncommunicable Conditions Double burden of disease in middle/low income countries DALYs India SSA Source: WHO/EIP Global Burden of Disease

  24. Diet and risk of NCD • Up to 80 % of cases of CHD and up to 90 % of type 2 diabetes could be avoided through changing lifestyle factors. • About one third of cancers could be prevented by eating healthily, maintaining normal weight and being physically active throughout the life span.

  25. What institutional response?…emergence of multi-level governance • Global • Regional • National • Sub-national • Local

  26. Governance: Public & Private • Dual system : Public and Private • Private sector leads in some cases • Public leads in others: reacts to crises? • Hybrid – e.g. post Curry Commission on Future of Food and Farming – new supply chain management (role of the Food Chain Centre & Farm Assured Standards)

  27. Food policy lacks integration Polices are divided across: • Health • Food safety • Agriculture • Trade • Competition • etc

  28. More integrated approaches exist • WHO European Region (51 member states): First Action Plan for Food & Nutrition Action Plan 2000-20005 • WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health (2004) • Lacking policy authority - left to member state action

  29. Food & Nutrition Policy Sustainable Food Supply Nutrition Food Safety

  30. Conclusions • Complex changes result in policy challenges and huge costs • Selective presentation to focus on near consumption perspectives • Global environmental changes further complicate these challenges (&costs) • Ask are OUR food systems’ typologies robust enough to address these changes?

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