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Bell Ringer

Understand the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane and the role of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Learn about transport proteins, receptor proteins, marker proteins, and cholesterol. Explore different types of passive and active transport across the membrane.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer ____H2O ____Na2+

  2. Cell Membrane

  3. Fluid Mosaic Model • Cell membrane is thought to be both fluid and a mosaic of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates. • Fluid  material is capable of flowing, changing shape, and shifting • Mosaic  small parts; together form a picture • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKN5sq5dtW4

  4. What is special about FMM? • Accounts for movement of molecules across the membrane

  5. Cell Membrane Players • Phospholipids • Transport proteins • Carrier proteins • Channel proteins (aka. ion channel) • Receptor proteins • Marker proteins • Cholesterol

  6. 1. Phospholipids • Consists of: • Phosphate group (polar head) • Glycerol Backbone • Two fatty acids (nonpolar tail)

  7. All Proteins • Molecule must fit inside protein in order to permeate the membrane 1. Transport proteins 2. Receptor proteins 3. Marker proteins • How are these proteins similar to enzymes? • How are these proteins different fromenzymes?

  8. 1.Transport Proteins a. Carrier proteins Function- move MOLECULES across a membrane Ex. hemoglobin, glucose transporter b. Channel proteins Function-move IONS across the membrane Ex. Potassium channel • move molecules or ions across a membrane DOWN their concentration gradient.

  9. a. CarrierProteins Example 1: hemoglobin transfers O2

  10. a. Carrier Protein Example 2: Glucose Transporter transports sugar

  11. b. Channel Protein Potassium ions are flowing DOWN their concentration gradient K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  12. Passive Transport (3) • Simple Diffusion • Molecules move from a high to low concentration • Osmosis • Movement of water from high to low concentration • Facilitated diffusion • Movement of molecules and ions from a high to low concentration with the help of: • Transport proteins- carrier proteins and channel proteins http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter5/how_facilitated_diffusion_works.html

  13. 2. Receptor Proteins • Receptor Proteins- bind to a specific signal molecule, enabling the cell to respond • Function- cell to cell communication to perform action Example: rhodopsin detects light, enabling you to see in dim- light conditions.

  14. 3. Marker Proteins • Marker Proteins- distinguish cell type; “tags” it • Function: helps cells identify other cells • Example: MHC class I and II

  15. Cholesterol • Cholesterol- type of fatty acid present in the cell membrane of all cells • Function: building block to make hormones, vitamin D and other substances that help you absorb nutrients from food you eat.

  16. Lipoproteins: carry cholesterol throughout body • HDL- High Density Lipoproteins • AKA “good cholesterol” • Carries cholesterol back to liver to remove it. For You Information (NOT ON TEST) • LDL- Low Density Lipoproteins • AKA “bad cholesterol” • High levels of LDL means cholesterol builds up in arteries, making heart work harder than it needs to.

  17. Animations For all cell membrane activities… visit the following website: http://www.town.hull.ma.us/public_documents/hullma_highschclass/Blair/Cell%20Membrane • Diffusion • Osmosis • Passive Transport • Facilitated Diffusion • Active Transport

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