Causes of the Revolution Chapter 4 Sections 2,3 & 4

1. AMERICAN REVOLUTION Causes of the Revolution Chapter 4 Sections 2,3 & 4

2. Why It’s Important • The “Spirit of Independence” evident during the Revolution still plays a major role in shaping society we live in. • - Americans still exercise their right to protest laws they view as unfair. • - Citizens have the right to present their views freely.

3. Essential Questions • How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment change the way colonists thought about the world? • What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian War? • What rights did colonists have, or not have, in the 13 colonies? • Why did colonists declare independence from Britain? • What impact did significant battles have on the Revolution? • What role did France, Spain, women, and African Americans play in the war?

5. MERCANTILISM DEFINED AS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM PRACTICED DURING THE 18TH CENTURY BY EUROPEAN NATIONS. BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT THERE WAS A LIMITED AMOUNT OF WEALTH IN THE WORLD. AS A NATION’S TRADE GROWS, ITS GOLD RESERVES INCREASE AND THE NATION BECOMES MORE POWERFUL. ENGLAND HAD TO EXP0RT MORE GOODS THAN IT IMPORTED. GREAT BRITAIN, FOR EXAMPLE, WOULD PURCHASERAW MATERIALS FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES AT A LOW PRICE DETERMINED BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THEN THE COLONIES WERE REQUIRED TO PURCHASE THE FINISHED GOODS MANUFACTURED IN BRITAIN AT HIGH PRICES ALSO SET BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES WERE ONLY ALLOWED TO TRADE WITHIN THE BRITISH EMPIRE. PARLIAMENT PASSED THE NAVIGATION ACTSWHICH DIRECTED THE FLOW OF GOODS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND THE COLONIES. PREVENTED COLONISTS FROM SENDING CERTAIN PRODUCTS, SUCH AS SUGAR OR TOBACCO, OUTSIDE OF ENGLAND’S EMPIRE. THIS SYSTEM LED TO BITTERNESS ON THE PART OF THE COLONISTS WHO HAD VERY LITTLE INPUT IN THEIR ECONOMIC POLICIES. COLONISTS BEGAN SMUGGLING, IGNORING THE NAVIGATION ACTS.

6. COLONIAL TRADE ROUTES

7. 3 TYPES OF COLONIES CHARTER COLONIES PROPRIETARY COLONIES ROYAL COLONIES • CONNECTICUT • RHODE ISLAND • DELAWARE • MARYLAND • PENNSYLVANIA • GEORGIA • MASSACHUSETTS • NEW HAMPSHIRE • NEW JERSEY • NEW YORK • NORTH CAROLINA • SOUTH CAROLINA • VIRGINIA

8. THE ENLIGHTENMENT INFLUENCED THE COLONISTS • PHILOSOPHICAL MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT EUROPE IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES – IDEA THAT SOCIETY COULD BE IMPROVED THROUGH KNOWLEDGE, REASON, & SCIENCE • EMPHASIS ON REASON AS THE MOST IMPORTANT HUMAN ABILITY – ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES • JOHN LOCKE ARGUED THAT PEOPLE POSSESSED NATURAL RIGHTS SUCH AS LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY. HE BELIEVED THE PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT WAS TO PROTECT THOSE RIGHTS. • BARON dE MONTESQUIEU ARGUED AGAINST ABSOLUTE MONARCHY • COLONIAL LEADERS BELIEVED THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT VIOLATED THESE IDEALS AND DISCUSSED STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE OPPRESSION OF KING GEORGE III LOCKE MONTESQUIEU

9. THE GREAT AWAKENING INFLUENTIAL MINISTERS • RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT THE COLONIES IN THE EARLY 1700s. IT WAS BASED ON REVIVALISM WHICH STRESSED INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE RATHER THAN NEEDING CHURCH LEADERS TO CONNECT WITH GOD • CONTRIBUTED TO A SENSE OF EQUALITY SINCE ALL PEOPLE WERE QUALIFIED TO TAKE AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THE CHURCH • IT IS WIDELY BELIEVED THAT THIS WAS A MAJOR FACTOR WHICH LED TO THE SENSE OF FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE UNDERLYING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION • LEAD TO A RENEWED SENSE OF FAITH • NEW CHURCHES WERE FORMED JONATHON EDWARDS GEORGE WHITEFIELD

10. WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION INSIDE THE HOME OUTSIDE THE HOME • MAKING CLOTHES • TENDING LIVESTOCK • WORKING IN THE FIELDS • COOKS • MAIDS • NURSES • TEACHERS • SHOPKEEPERS

11. EDUCATION IN THE COLONIES • NEW ENGLAND • Children were taught at home by their parents • First school was established in 1647 in Massachusetts • Harvard was first college • NEW ENGLAND • Children were taught at home by their parents • First school was established in 1647 in Massachusetts • Harvard was first college • MIDDLE COLONIES • Children taught at home or in private schools • Some children became an apprentice at age 13 to a master craftsman • SOUTHERN COLONIES • Tutors taught children on plantations • Parents taught children at home in backcountry

12. POPULATION EXPLOSION AND COLONIAL SELF-RULE • THE COLONIAL POPULATION INCREASED AT AN EXTREMELY FAST PACE AFTER 1700 • NEW ARRIVALS MADE UP OF: INDENTURED SERVANTS FROM EUROPE, SLAVES FROM AFRICA, AND BIRTHS FROM COLONISTS • CLEAN DRINKING WATER, PLENTY OF FOOD, AND GOOD CLIMATE WERE MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE SPIKE IN BIRTHS BETWEEN 1680-1776 • MOST COLONIES HAD SOME FORM OF AN ELECTED LEGISLATURE WHICH FOSTERED A DESIRE TO SELF-RULE (TOWN MEETINGS OR ASSEMBLIES)

13. Review • What was mercantilism? • How did colonists feel about this idea? • Why did England pass the Navigation Acts? • What was the Great Awakening? • How did it affect colonists? • What was the Enlightenment? • How did it affect colonists? • What contributions did women make inside the home? • Outside the home?

14. POD List 3 causes of the Revolutionary War that we discussed last week.

15. AMERICAN REVOLUTION Causes of the Revolution Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4

17. Why It’s Important • The “Spirit of Independence” evident during the Revolution still plays a major role in shaping society we live in. • - Americans still exercise their right to protest laws they view as unfair. • - Citizens have the right to present their views freely.

18. Essential Questions • How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment change the way colonists thought about the world? • What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian War? • What rights did colonists have, or not have, in the 13 colonies? • Why did colonists declare independence from Britain? • What impact did significant battles have on the Revolution? • What role did France, Spain, women, and African Americans play in the war?

19. Relationship with Native Americans Alliances (unions)

20. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1763 • FOR OVER 100 YEARS THE FRENCH AND BRITISH HAD STRUGGLED FOR CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA • BOTH FRANCE AND ENGLAND WANTED TO EXPAND THEIR TERRITORY WEST OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY • NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE AREA PLAYED THE COLONIAL POWERS OFF OF EACH OTHER AND TOOK SIDES WHEN THEY FELT IT WOULD BENEFIT THEIR GOAL OF HALTING FURTHER ENCROACHMENT ON THEIR LAND • FRANCE TOOK THE EARLY LEAD, HOWEVER THE BRITISH EVENTUALLY DEFEATED THE FRENCH IN A WAR THAT WAS FOUGHT IN THE OHIO VALLEY, MONTREAL, INDIA, THE PHILIPPINES, AND THE WEST INDIES FRENCH POWDER HORN WITH RIVERS ENGRAVED ON IT

21. British Competed for fur trade Colonists wanted to move west French Competed for fur trade The Ohio valley lay between French settlements and Canada Importance of Ohio Valley

22. What countries claimed land in North America? Where is the disputed land?

23. Land Claims in North America

24. Events leading to Conflict in North America British and French fur traders clash in French controlled Ohio. France attacks British-controlled Nova Scotia Native Americans side with French, but the Iroquois side with British Washington’s militia clashes with French in Ohio Conflict in North America

25. Albany Plan of Union • June 1754 – representatives from New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland met to discuss the threat of war. • They wanted to find a way for the colonies to defend themselves against the French. • Adopted Benjamin Franklin’s plan calling for: • One central government • An elected legislature would govern the colonies, collect taxes, raise troops, and regulate trade. * Not one colonial assembly approved the plan. None were willing to give up any of their power.

26. A war in which Britain, Prussia and Hanover fought Austria, France, Russia, Saxony, Sweden and Spain. Britain became the main European power after this war. French Canada was captured by the British in this war. 6. What three nations were involved in the Seven Years’ War? (pg. 123)Britain, France, and Prussia

27. William Pitt • Secretary of State and then Prime Minister • 7. How did William Pitt help the British in their war against France? (pg. 123,124) • Pitt chose skilled commanders and agreed for Britain to pay for all his supplies

28. In what direction did British troops advance after their victory at Quebec?Why would Ft. Duquesne be a valuable fort to control?

29. 8. What did Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris? (pg. 124)Canada, all French lands east of the Mississippi River, and Florida

30. Land Claims in North America

31. Proclamation of 1763 This law was intended to keep peace in American colonies. It stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian mountains. The colonist ignored the law and moved west anyway.Speculators (investors) had already bought land west of the mountains and they were furious that Britain ignored their claims.

32. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR FUELED THE DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE • COLONISTS UNIFIED FOR THE FIRST TIME BEHIND THE BRITISH TO DEFEAT THE FRENCH. THIS LED TO A SENSE OF PRIDE AND UNITY NOT EXPERIENCED PRIOR TO THE CONFLICT. • THE COLONISTS DID NOT FEEL THE SAME NEED TO REMAIN TIED TO THE BRITISH AFTER THE WAR AS THE “FRENCH THREAT” WAS REMOVED. • THE BRITISH IMPOSED MANY TAXES ON THE COLONISTS TO PAY FOR THE WAR EFFORT WITHOUT ANY COLONIAL INPUT OR REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENT. • THE BRITISH RESTRICTED FURTHER WESTERN SETTLEMENT WITH THE PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763. THE COLONISTS FELT ENTITLED TO THE LANDS GAINED DURING THE WAR THEY HAD HELPED WIN.

33. Review • List events leading to the Revolutionary War. • What was the Great Awakening? • Who were two important preachers during the Great Awakening? • What was the Enlightenment? • Why were the French and British fighting for control of the Ohio Valley? • Who did the Native Americans side with during the French and Indian War? • What was the Treaty of Paris? • What lands did Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris? French? Spanish? • What was the Proclamation of 1763? • How did colonists respond to the Proclamation?