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Biology 250: Human Anatomy

Biology 250: Human Anatomy. Spring 2005 Reproductive System. Overview of Reproductive System. Function is to produce viable offspring Gonads: primary sex organs Testes, Ovaries Gametes: sex cells Sperm, Ova (Eggs) Accessory Reproductive Organs Ducts, glands, external genitalia.

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Biology 250: Human Anatomy

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  1. Biology 250: Human Anatomy Spring 2005 Reproductive System

  2. Overview of Reproductive System • Function is to produce viable offspring • Gonads: primary sex organs • Testes, Ovaries • Gametes: sex cells • Sperm, Ova (Eggs) • Accessory Reproductive Organs • Ducts, glands, external genitalia

  3. Male Reproductive System • Scrotum • Testes • Epididymis • Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens) • Urethra • Penis • Seminal Vesicles, Prostate / Bulbourethral Glands

  4. Scrotum • Sac of skin hanging from root of penis • Contains two compartments for testes • One compartment per testicle • Divided by the Middle Septum of Scrotum • Provides cool environment for sperm production • Cremaster Muscle

  5. Testes • Primary function is sperm production • Covered by 2 Tunics (Layers) • Tunica Vaginalis: outermost layer • Tunica Albuginea: innermost layer • Composed of Seminiferous Tubules • Actual site of sperm production

  6. Penis • Primary function is to deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract • Together w/ scrotum, comprises: • Male External Genitalia • Root, Shaft (Body), Glans • Prepuce (Foreskin)

  7. Male Duct System • Epididymis: region closest to the testes • Can store sperm for several months • Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens) • Expels sperm from epididymis to urethra • Vasectomy • Urethra: terminal portion of duct • Expels sperm to external environment • Serves urinary and reproductive roles

  8. Accessory Glands • Seminal Vesicles • Excrete Fructose, Ascorbic acid, Vesiculase • Prostate Gland • Excretions activate the sperm • Prostate Cancer • Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s Gland) • Neutralizes acid in the urethra from urine

  9. Semen • Mixture of sperm and accessory gland excretions • Primary function is to provide transport medium and nutrients for sperm • Also helps to neutralize acidic environment of the female reproductive tract

  10. Female Reproductive System • Ovaries • Uterine Tubes • Uterus • Vagina

  11. Ovaries • Primary function is the production of ova • One ovary on each side of the uterus • Held in place by several ligaments

  12. Female Duct System • Uterine Tubes • Fallopian Tubes, Oviducts • Receive ovulated ova • Provides a site for fertilization • Fimbriae, Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus • Empties into the uterus

  13. Uterus • Hollow, thick-walled organ • Functions to receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum • Body, Fundus, Cervix, Cervical Canal

  14. Uterine Wall 3 Layers of Uterine Wall • Perimetrium: outermost layer • Myometrium: middle layer • Composed of smooth muscle • Endometrium: innermost layer • Thickens during ovulation • Provides nutrients to fertilized • Sloughs (sheds) during menstruation

  15. Vagina • Provides passageway for birth • Passageway for menstrual flow • Receives penis during sexual intercourse • Vaginal Orifice • Hymen

  16. External Genitalia • Also called Vulva or Pudendum • Mons Pubis • Labia Majora • Labia Minora • Vestibule • Clitoris • Prepuce of the Clitoris

  17. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) • Also known as Venereal Diseases (VDs) • Diseases spread through sexual contact • Bacterial and Viral Diseases • Abstinence best way to prevent infection (but who wants to do that??) • CONDOMS are most effective way to prevent transmission of STDs

  18. Gonorrhea • Causes by bacteria • Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Invades mucosae of reproductive and urinary tracts • Causes painful urination, pus discharge, cramping, bleeding • Can be treated by antibiotics

  19. Syphilis • Caused by bacteria • Treponema pallidum • Usually contracted sexually • Can be passed on from mother to child • Painless, red lesion occurs • Pink rash over the body • Treated by penicillin

  20. Chlamydia • Caused by bacteria • Chlamydia trachomatis • Most untreated STD • Usually does not have any symptoms • Until late stages • Most common cause of pelvic inflammation • Treated by penicillin

  21. Genital Warts • Caused by a viral infection • Human papillomavirus (HPV) • Increases risk for certain cancers • Penile, vaginal, cervical, anal • Difficult to treat • Some leave untreated unless widespread • Cryosurgery, laser therapy

  22. Genital Herpes • Caused by viral infection • Herpes simplex virus – (Type 2) • Remain silent for quite a while • Flare into blister-like lesions (very painful) • Most people do not know they are infected • Treatment includes antiviral ointments • NO CURE!!!

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