1 / 11

Chronic leukemia

Chronic leukemia. Chronic Leukemia. Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) * Definition: Chronic neoplastic disorder characterized by accumulation of small mat ure-looking lymphocytes which are immunologically immature in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. It is of B-cell type.

liora
Download Presentation

Chronic leukemia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chronic leukemia

  2. Chronic Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) * Definition: Chronic neoplastic disorder characterized by accumulation of small mature-looking lymphocytes which are immunologically immature in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. • It isof B-cell type. • The cells accumulate in the bone marrow, blood, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. • Characterized by chronic persistent of lymphocytosis. Dr. Rania Alhady

  3. Chronic lymphoid leukemia * Clinical features of CLL: 1- The disease occurs in older patients (> 50 years old). 2- Total leukocytic count: exceeds 200.000/mm3 with absolute lymphocytosis. 3- (Generalized lymphadenopathy): enlargement of cervical, axillary or inguinal lymph nodes 4- Hepato-splenomegaly occurs in 50-60% of cases. 5- Features of anemiamay be present. 6- Bruising or purpuramay occur due to thrombocytopenia. 7- Immunosuppression is a significant problem. - Bacterial infections followed by viral and fungal infections such as herpes zoster are also seen. Dr. Rania Alhady

  4. Chronic lymphoid leukemia Cervical lymphadenopathy Herpes zoster infection . Dr. Rania Alhady

  5. Chronic lymphoid leukemia * Laboratory findings of B-cell CLL: 1- Peripheral blood: WBCs: Absolute lymphocytosis (↑↑↑ >100.000) Morphology: - Small mature looking lymphocytes - Dense chromatin - Small rim of cytoplasm RBCs: Normocytic normochromic anaemia is present in later stages. Platelets: ↓ . 2- Bone marrow: shows lymphocytic replacement of normal marrow elements (> 40%) 3- L.N.: Diffuse infiltration by mature looking lymphocytes. 4- Immunophenotyping: cells express CD5 (+ve in 90% of cases) Pan B markers +ve: CD19, CD20, CD22 Dr. Rania Alhady

  6. CLL: This peripheral blood smear is flooded with small lymphocytes with condensed chromatin and scant cytoplasm. A characteristic finding is the presence of disrupted tumor cells (smudge cells).

  7. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Chronic Myeloid leukemia (CML) * Definition: - It is a neoplastic proliferation of the pluripotenthematopoietic stem cell. - The main feature is the presence of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) which occurs due to t(9,22) translocation. Dr. Rania Alhady

  8. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia * Clinical features of CML: 1- Affects adults between 25-60 years. 2. Symptoms related to hyper-metabolism due to increased cell turnover (e.g.weight loss, anorexia, night sweats). 3- Huge Splenomegaly and splenic infarction may occurs. 4- Features of anemia may include pallor, dyspnoea and tachycardia. 5- Gout or renal impairment caused by elevated levels of uric acid may be a problem. 6- In up to 50% of cases the diagnosis is made incidentally from a routine blood count. Dr. Rania Alhady

  9. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Dr. Rania Alhady * Lab findings in CML: 1. Peripheral blood: * WBCs: >100.000 - Predominantly of neutrophils, metamyelocytes and myelocytes exceed those of blast cells and promyelocytes - Increased circulating basophils and esinophils. * RBCs: Normocytic normochromic anaemia. * Platelets: ↑↑ 2. Bone marrow: Hypercellular with predominance of granulopoiesis 3.Cytogenetics: Philadelphia chromosome 4. Serum uric acid is usually high.

  10. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia CML: peripheral blood film showing many mature neutrophils, some metamyelocytes, and a myelocyte. Dr. Rania Alhady

  11. Thanks

More Related