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“ M e i osis

“ M e i osis. i s. Chapt e r. 6:. t he. b a s i s. o f. s e x u a l. r e pr o du c tio n ”.  Haploi d =. half. the ge n etic. content (n).  Dip l oid. =. ge n etic. equal. to. the. pa r ent. Full. genetic. content. (2n).  The. process. that. pr o duces. gametes with.

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“ M e i osis

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  1. “Meiosis is Chapter 6: the basis of sexual reproduction”

  2. Haploid= half the genetic content(n) Diploid = genetic equal to the parent. Full genetic content (2n)

  3. The process that produces gameteswith half the number of chromosomes as body cells occurs in the sex cells.

  4. DNA replication occurs only once in the process. Meiosis I: the result cells. result is two daughter Meiosis II: the is four with haploid cells, each half the number of chromosomes.

  5. Prophase I: homologous chromosomes pair up. Metaphase I: homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

  6. Anaphase I: homologous chromosomesseparate and are pulled to opposite sides. Telophase I: one chromosome from each pair is cell. at each pole of the

  7. Prophase II: one chromosomes of the homologous cell. pair in each Metaphase II: the x-shaped chromosomes form a single line across the middle.

  8. Anaphase II: sister chromatids move to the opposite poles of cell. Telophase membrane II: a nuclear forms around the chromosomes.

  9. Mitosis Meiosis Inbodycells Insexorgansto producesexcells Fourdaughtercells Halfthenumberof chromosomesasthe parentcell Sexualreproduction Twodaughter Samenumber cells of chromosomesas parentcell Asexualreproduction

  10. Core Lab pg. Activity 176-7 6-1B “Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis”

  11. 1.   Mosses: External fertilization Water allows the egg and sperm cells to meet Reproduces both  sexually and asexually

  12. The Moss

  13. 2. Flowering plants Pollination Transfer of male gametes in structures called pollen from the male structure to the female structure of the plant.

  14. Flower Reproduction

  15. Pollen by: can be transported Pollinators such as 1. bees and other insects, fruit bats Wind Water 2. 3.

  16. After fertilization, seeds are often protected in fruit Seeds or cones. contain the plant embryos.

  17. In many insects, the male deposits a package of sperm inside the female. Insects often change a great deal between hatching and adulthood.

  18. This change in form is called metamorphosis. Metamorphosis can be incomplete or complete.

  19. Incomplete Three stages Ex. grasshopper The and adult the nymph resemble one another

  20. Complete Four stages Ex. Butterfly The and adult the larva look completely different

  21. Asexual 1parentcells Nogametes;cell divides Sexual Twoparentcells 2sexcellsunite formazygote Greatervariation offspring Greaterenergy requited to Littlevariation offspring in in Littleenergyrequired Lessparentalcare Greaterparentalcare

  22. Male Reproductive System Testes Scrotum Vas deferens Urethra Penis

  23. Female Reproductive System Ovaries Oviducts/ Uterus Cervix Vagina fallopian tubes

  24. Fertilization 1. 2. 3. 4. First trimester Second trimester Third trimester

  25. Fertilization Occurs tubes the fallopian Egg and sperm unite to form a zygote

  26. First trimester All to organ systems begin develop. Zygote is called an embryo Placenta form and amniotic sac

  27. At is 8 weeks, the embryo now called a fetus. All major organs are formed

  28. Second trimester Rapid growth Skelton forms Mother will feel movement by 20 weeks. Growth slows between 20 and 24 weeks.

  29. Third trimester Growth in preparation for birth; significant brain. in the Immune system develops under Fat is deposited the skin.

  30. Menstruation stops Hips will become slightly larger Breast become larger Weight gain and abdomen willbulge Nausea and dizziness? cravings

  31. Gregor Mendel Mid-1800s Experimented with inherited traits in pea plants.

  32. Francis Crick & James Watson 1953 Described the structure of DNA and how it replicates.

  33. The Human Genome Project 1986-2003 Genome: consists genetic of the full set of material that makes up an organism. Made a map to identify genes

  34. This used information may be to check for particular diseases. ◦Ex. Allderdice syndrome where part of one chromosome is reversed. Identified in Sandy Point NL.

  35. A special “picture” of a person showing all their chromosomes arranged in a particular order called a karyotype is studied.

  36. Karyotype

  37. Can help to determine if there is any abnormalities in the chromosomes. Can identify syndromes such as Down’s 21st Syndrome (extra chromosome)

  38. Cystic fibrosis

  39. Can be used to save the from genetic information endangered plants and animals produce or to mass- an organism with a desired trait.

  40. Reproductive cloning: Also called DNA cloning Purpose is to produce a genetic duplicate of an existing organism with desirable qualities.

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