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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. Unit 12. Introduction. Of all the substances that cells and therefore the body as a whole must have to survive, oxygen is by far the most crucial. The average person will live 4-6 minutes without it!. Introduction.

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System Unit 12

  2. Introduction Of all the substances that cells and therefore the body as a whole must have to survive, oxygen is by far the most crucial. The average person will live 4-6 minutes without it!

  3. Introduction The respiratory system ensures that the oxygen is supplied to and carbon dioxide is removed from the body’s cells.

  4. Introduction The respiratory system: -filters -warms -humidifies -influence speech/sound -make olfaction possible

  5. Respiratory System Organs of the Resp. System -nose -pharynx -larynx -trachea -bronchi -lungs

  6. Respiratory System Alveoli – millions of thin-walled air filled sacs that are covered by capillaries, facilitating gas exchange via diffusion

  7. Respiratory System Respiratory Mucosa – membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the system – mucus (over 125 ml of respiratory mucus is produced daily)

  8. Respiratory System Respiratory Membrane – separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in surrounding capillaries

  9. The Nose One of the ways air enters the respiratory tract through the external nares or nostrils. It then flows into the left and right nasal cavities. The partition in the nose is called the nasal septum.

  10. Why you don’t run in the house with scissors…or forks.

  11. The Nose Nerve endings located in nasal mucosa send messages to the brain.

  12. The Nose Paranasal Sinuses: -Frontal -Maxillary -Sphenoidal -Ethmoidal Assist in production of sound and lighten skull

  13. Pharynx -The “throat.” -About 5 inches long -Divided into 3 portions

  14. Pharynx

  15. Pharynx Divided into 3 portions • Nasopharynx: uppermost part behind nasal cavity • Oropharynx: behind the mouth • Laryngopharynx: lowest section above the larynx

  16. Oropharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx

  17. Larynx -”Voice Box” -located below the pharynx -made of cartilage -”Adams Apple”

  18. Larynx

  19. Larynx Vocal Cords: two short fibrous cords that stretch across the interior of the larynx. Muscles control pitch. Tense – high pitch Relaxed – low pitch Glottis – space between vocal cords

  20. Larynx Epiglottis – partially covers opening of the larynx, serves as trap door, closing larynx during swallowing and preventing food from entering trachea.

  21. Epiglottis

  22. Trachea -”Windpipe” -4.5 inches -extends from larynx to bronchi -open passageway to lungs

  23. Trachea

  24. Trachea -Made of 15-20 C-Shaped rings of cartilage placed on top of each other. -Lined with respiratory mucosa and cilia moves this mucus upward toward pharynx

  25. Trachea The trachea can sometimes become occluded despite its strong cartilage rings by a tumor, enlarged lymph node or foreign body obstruction. For the foreign body obstruction: Heimlich Maneuver

  26. Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli The trachea is divided into the left and right bronchus at it’s inferior end, also known as the primary bronchi.

  27. Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli The primary bronchi also branch out into secondary bronchi. These also branch out into smaller tubes known as bronchioles, which then become alveolar ducts, holding the alveoli.

  28. Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli Surfactant – substance that covers the surface of the respiratory membrane which prevents the alveoli from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.

  29. Respiration Definition – the exchange of gasses (oxygen & carbon dioxide) between living organism and its environment.

  30. Respiration The lungs provide a place where air and circulating blood can come close enough to each other for gas exchange to occur.

  31. Respiration External Respiration – exchange of gases between air and lungs Internal Respiration – exchange of gasses between blood and body cells

  32. Mechanics of Breathing Inspiration – inhalation, moving air into the lungs; enlarges the chest cavity Expiration – exhalation, moving air out of the lungs

  33. Mechanics of Breathing Diaphragm – dome-shaped muscle separating the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity; most important muscle of inspiration

  34. Lungs Left Lung – 2 lobes Right Lung – 3 Lobes

  35. Exchange of Gases In the lungs – through external respiration – diffusion between blood and alveoli In the tissues – through internal respiration – diffusion between capillaries and body cells

  36. Volume of Air Exchange Spirometer – special device used to measure the amount of air exchanged during respiration

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