Course Outline Indonesian values and ideology

1. Course OutlineIndonesian values and ideology CekliSetyaPratiwi, SH.(UB), LL.M. (Utrecht) +6281334931211 (mobile) , c.s.pratiwi@gmail.com (email) Homepage: http://ceklipratiwi.staff.umm.ac.id

2. Objectives: • To understand the values ​​and ideology of Indonesia and the changes that occur can be seen from the history of a place in Indonesian society over time, including changes in the system of the Indonesian government after independence. The change of Indonesian values also influenced by culture with its elements that cause the formation of the culture. The existence and practice of negative values ​​cause many problems in society and government as an authoritarian system of government, corruption, collusion and nepotism, separatism, anarchism, criminal actions and others. • Therefore to prevent the existence of negative values ​​is then subject Indonesian values ​​and ideology directed to Civic education. Civic education is one of the compulsory course for all Students on undergraduate programs.This course has purpose to equip and enrich the knowledge and ability of the students about economical, political and legal system in Indonesia, the relationship between citizens and the state as well as a preliminary national defense education in order to be a civilized citizen who love his country. • After following this course students are expected to have an insight and a high national consciousness, able to act intelligently, global-minded, patriotic spirit, respect to human rights comprehensively thought-integral based on four pillars of national and state the philosophy of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Republic of Indonesia, national unity to achieve goals and national objectives.

3. Standards of Competency: Students who take the course are expected to: • Having understanding about the history of Indonesia society after its independence • Having understanding that change the values ​​of Indonesia also influenced by culture with its elements • Having understanding about the existence and practice of negative values ​​cause many problems in society and government • Having knowledge about the importance of Citizenship Education for students • Has the attitude and behavior in accordance with human rights • Have awareness of rights and obligations as a citizen • Have the awareness to defend the country • Have awareness of democracy • Have an overview of the national Indonesian insights • Have the motivation to participate for achieving Indonesia’s resilience. • Have the motivation to participate in realizing Politics and National Strategy

4. Topics: • Introduction • History of Indonesian society after its independence • Indonesian values influenced by culture • Negative values caused some problematic in society • Economic System in Indonesia • MIDLE TEST 28th October – 8th November 2013 • Understanding 4 Pillars Stateless (Pancasila, Constitution of 1945, Unity in Diversity, NKRI) • Rule of Law and Democracy • Indonesia Customs and Religion • Geopolitics and Geostrategy of Indonesia • FINAL TEST 13 – 17 January 2014

5. MIDLE TEST 28th October – 8th November 2013 Paper/ Essay 1500 words It must be sent by email to c.s.pratiwi@gmail.com a week before the date of Midle Test. Type in Time New Romans font size 11 paper size A-4, space 1,5. Optional Topics: • Building a Culture of Shame, • Tolerance On Highway, • Queued Cultural, • Inter-Religious Tolerance, • Behavior and Culture Sportive, • Violence Amongst the students

6. FINAL TEST 13 – 17 January 2014 Student Paper Presentation Tool: Power point and slide projector. Duration: 7 minutes Optional Topics: • Culture of Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism Is the culture we belong to? • Poverty In Indonesia and solutions to overcome them • Action Anarchism In Among Students • Counteract Consumerism Culture among Students • Women's role in improving the welfare of the urban poor • The role of women in preventing domestic violence • The Role of Youths Facing the Free Market • Brought to earth of Pancasila among Students • Unity within diversity, Opportunity and challenge • Increase the Role of Civil Society to Participate in Government • Efforts Reduce Crime Numbers In Among Students • Culture of Literacy and the Law of Obedience Law, How Important is it? • Student Opportunities and Challenges facing Globalization and the Free Market

7. Sources of material: Books: • Sunarso, et al. Citizenship Education for Students. UNY., 2003. • Eko Riyadi (ed.), Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia, Yogyakarta: PUSHAM-UII, 2008. • S.Paul Verluyten, Intercultural Communication in Business and Organisations: An Introduction, Uitgeverij Acco, Fourth Reprint, 2004. • Ibn Chamim, A (Ed)., Pendidikan Kewargaengaraan Menuju Kehidupan yang Demokratis dan Berkeadaban. Yogyakarta: Majelis Pendidikan Tinggi, Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Diktilitbang) Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, 2003. • Dikdik Baehaqi Arief, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (Civic Education), Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Untuk Kalangan Sendiri, dapat diakses di http://baehaqiarif.files.wordpress.com/.../bahan-ajar-pkn.pdf • Pimpinan MPR dan Tim Kerja Sosialisasi MPR Periode 2009-2014, Empat Pilar Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara, Sekretariat Jenderal MPR-RI, 2012. • MPR-RI, Panduan Pemasyarakatan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Dan Ketetapan MPR-RI, Sekretariat Jenderal MPR-RI, 2013. Regulations: Constitution of Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 The Act Number 39 Year 1999 about Human Rights The Act Number 26 Year 2000 about Human Rights Court

8. Learning contract • Student should reach minimum attendance 80% of 14 meetings • Student absences due to illness or have authorization from the institution must include a doctor's license accompanied by a letter or letter of assignment. • Student late more than 15 minute will not allow to joint the class • Plagiarism in the working paper, the point will be reduced by 50%

9. History of Indonesian society after its independence Chapter - 1

10. Sub Topics: • Post Revolution • New Order (Orde Baru) • Indonesia in Transition (1998-1999) • Reformation Era (1999-nowdays)

11. The name of “Indonesia” • The name of “Indonesia” has already been existed far before Indonesia’s sovereignty, known since the 18th century. It originally derives from the Latin word Indus, meaning “India”, and the Greek word Nesos, meaning “Island”. • As the meaning of its name, Indonesia consists of 17,508 islands that make Indonesia as the largest archipelagic state in the world. • The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since the 17th century, when the Sriwijaya Kingdom traded with China and India. This was the beginning of the influence of Buddhism and Hinduism to Indonesian culture. • In the 13th century, Moslem traders arrived in northern Sumatra that further its influences spread over Indonesian areas adopted Islam. Islam overlaid and mixed with existing cultural and religious influences, particularly in Java area. • In 1512, the first Europeans arrived in Indonesia; Portuguese traders came to Maluku and monopolized the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubed pepper. It followed by Dutch and British traders.

12. Dutch colonialism and Japanese invasion • The Dutch colonial era was started by establishing Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1602. After the bankruptcy of VOC in 1800, the government of Netherlands took over VOC and Indonesia became a nationalized colony. • The Japanese invasion and short term occupation during World War II ended Dutch rule, and encouraged Indonesian leaders to proclaim Indonesia’s Independence on August 17, 1945, three days after Japan surrendered.

13. Post Revolution • The Republic of Indonesia first saw light on August 17, 1945, when its independence was proclaimed just days after the Japanese surrender to the Allies. • Pancasila became the ideological and philosophical basis of the Republic, and on August 18, 1945 the Constitution was adopted as the basic law of the country. • Following the provisions of the Constitution, the country is headed by a President who is also the Chief Executive. He is assisted by a Vice-President and a cabinet of ministers.

14. The sovereignty of the people rests with the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Hence, the President is accountable to the MPR. • The legislative power is vested in the House of Representatives (DPR). • Other institutions of the state are the Supreme Court, the Supreme Advisory Council and the Supreme Audit Board. • Soekarno became the first President and Chief Executive, and Mohammad Hatta, the first Vice-President of the Republic. On September 5, 1945 the first cabinet was formed.

15. New Order (Orde Baru) • The Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) attempted another coup on September 30, 1965. The uprising, however, was abrupt and quickly stamped out by the Armed Forces under Major General Soeharto, then Chief of the Army's Strategic Command. • Under these explosive conditions, President Soekarno eventually gave in and granted Soeharto full power to restore order and security in the country. The transfer of power was effected by a presidential order known as "the 11th of March order" of 1966. • Soon afterwards, on March 12, 1966, General Soeharto banned the PKI. This decision was endorsed and sanctioned by virtue of the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly Decree No XXV/MPRS/1966. He also formed a new cabinet, but Soekarno remained as Chief Executive. • This brought dualism into the cabinet, particularly when Soekarno did not show support for the cabinet's program to establish political and economic stability. Hence, a special session of the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) was convened from March 7-12, 1967.

16. The Assembly resolved to relieve Soekarno of his presidential duties and appointed Soeharto as Acting President, pending the election of a new President by an elected People's Consultative Assembly. • Ever since taking office in 1967, the New Order Government of President Soeharto was determined to return constitutional life by upholding the 1945 Constitution in a strict and consistent manner and by respecting Pancasila as the state philosophy and ideology.

17. Indonesia in Transition (1998-1999) • Since the outset of the First Five-Year Development Plan in 1969, Indonesia under the New Order Government of President Soeharto had endeavored to achieve its national development goals. • Indonesia, indeed, had been able to achieve substantial progress in various fields which had been enjoyed by the majority of the Indonesian people. Indonesia had gained success in the national development. • Unfortunately, economic crisis, which began with the monetary crisis, struck Indonesia as of July 1997.

18. Since the middle of 1997, the people's standard of living dropped considerably. The decline in the people's standard of living was aggravated by various political tensions arising from the 1997 general elections. • The political system which had been developed since 1966 turned out to be unable to accommodate the dynamism of the aspirations and interests of the community. This led to riots and disturbances. • To a certain extend, they reflected the malfunctioning of the political order and of the government, finally causing this situation to develop into a political crisis. • The accumulation of the economic crisis and the political crisis became a triggered factor for crisis in confidence. This applied not just to officials and state-running institutions, but also began to touch on the system of values and the legal foundations that underpin the state-running institutions.

19. A number of student demonstrations ensued, including the occupation of the People's Consultative Assembly/House of People's Representatives compound. • They appealed for political and economic reform; • demanded President Soeharto to step down and stamp out corruption, collusion and nepotism. • Critical moments prevailed in the capital, Jakarta, and other towns from 12 to 21 May 1998. • On 12 May a tragedy happened in the Trisakti University Campus, causing the death of four students. • On 18 May the leadership of the House suggested the President resign. • The President's effort to accommodate the developing aspirations of the people by forming a re-form cabinet and a reform committee never materialized as there was no adequate support from various circles.

20. Finally, on 21 May 1998, President Soeharto, after a 32-year rule of the New Order Government resigned. Pursuant to Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution and the People's Consultative Assembly decree no VII/1973, he handed over the country's leadership to Vice-President Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie.

21. Reformation Era (1999-nowdays) • Now it is time for Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). Reformation appears in everywhere, every field, every aspect. Including in legal aspect, some of new body was established for people wanted the transparency and clean governance. • The constitution reformation amendment was held fourtimes. Now Indonesia use the Constitution of Indonesia Republic Year 1945. • Since 1999, people also wanted the state respect, guarantee and fulfill to human rights of citizen. Legislative body has released the Law Number 39 Year 1999 about Human Rights, and the Law Number 26 Year 2000 about Human Rights Court and some International Human Rights conventions has been ratified. • However, Indonesia still faces many problems such as legal problems (corruptions, problems related to law enforcement system, terrorism, criminals), social problems (poverty, human trafficking, people access to education and health, jobless), political problems (money politic, public distrust), economical problems (free trade market, consumerism, depend on import product), cultural problems ( crisis of “malu” cultural, intolerance, disobedience, anarchism).