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January 3, 2012

January 3, 2012. How did the U.S. end up in Vietnam? Review Ho Chi Minh and his objectives Review our early involvement Escalation of U.S. Involvement Homework:. U.S Supports France in Vietnam. Late 1800s - WWII France rules most of Indochina; Japan takes over Vietnam 1940

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January 3, 2012

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  1. January 3, 2012 • How did the U.S. end up in Vietnam? • Review Ho Chi Minh and his objectives • Review our early involvement • Escalation of U.S. Involvement • Homework:

  2. U.S Supports France in Vietnam • Late 1800s - WWII France rules most of Indochina; Japan takes over Vietnam 1940 • Ho Chi Minh- leader of Vietnam independence movement, heads Communist Party

  3. Vietnam Independence • Vietminh- organize to make Vietnam independent of foreign rule, lead by Ho Chi Minh • Sept. 1945- Minh declares Vietnam independent

  4. France Battles Vietminh • French troops invade Vietnam; want to regain control • U.S. wants to stop the spread of Communism, support France with money • Domino Theory- countries fall to communism like row of dominos

  5. Vietminh Drive Out French • 1954- Vietminh overrun French at Dien Bien Phu; France surrenders • Geneva Accords- divide Vietnam at 17th parallel; Communists get north (Ho Chi Minh)

  6. U.S. Steps In • Election is called “unify” the country • Ngo Dinh Diem (anti-communist) says “no” • Diem with help from U.S., organizes in South

  7. Power Struggle in Vietnam • Vietcong- pro-communist organization; begins to attack Diem in the South • Ho Chi Ming (North Vietnam; Communist) vs. Ngo Dinh Diem (South Vietnam; Anti-Communist)

  8. Kennedy and Vietnam • Kennedy & U.S. backs Diem financially • Diem very corrupt, moves people from homes, denies Buddhist religion • People protest • Diem is assassinated • Johnson continues fight in Vietnam after JFK killed

  9. Tonkin Gulf Resolution • Alleged attack in Gulf of Tonkin; Maddox • 1964- Tonkin Gulf Resolution gave LBJ military powers to repel enemy attack • 1965- 8 Americans killed by Vietcong, LBJ orders bombing of North Vietnam • Also sent troops, “Operation Rolling Thunder”

  10. Chapter 30: Section OneMoving Toward Conflict p.936 I. America Supports France in Vietnam - 3 facts/points about section - How & why did Americans support France’s Vietnam war efforts? II. The United States Steps In - 3 facts/points about section - Why did the United States support canceling elections? III. President Johnson Expands the Conflict - 3 facts/points about section - How did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution lead to greater U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?

  11. Section Two:U.S. Involvement and Escalation

  12. Troop Buildup • 1965- Johnson began sending troops • 1967- 500,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam • Goal to stop Communism

  13. Fighting in Vietnam • Vietcong advantages: • Used to climate, heat, jungle • More to fight for • Help from China & Soviets

  14. Guerilla Warfare • Ambush, disappear into tunnels/jungle • Booby traps, land mines • Less advanced weapons

  15. U.S Weapons Used • Napalm- gasoline-based bomb, sets fire to jungle • Agent Orange- leaf-killing, toxic • Search & Destroy missions- destroy villages thought to help Vietcong

  16. U.S. Troops Get Weak • Low Morale, turn to drugs, alcohol, kill other officers • Keep moving to overthrow communism • Unpopular at home

  17. Vietnam Stories p.942-947 • Small groups (3-4) • Tell the story you see in the picture • 10-14 sentences (2 paragraphs) • Use THREE things you find in the chapter about the Vietnam War in your story. (Example: Napalm, Tunnel system) • Underline the 3 items you include

  18. Chapter 33: Section 4

  19. Working Class Goes to War • Draft- men 18-26 to military service • Many try to get out: religion, college, Canada • 80% from lower economic levels • Large percentage African Americans

  20. Roots of Opposition • New Left- youth movement of 1960s • Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)- criticize big business, government; want greater individual freedom • Protests spread across college campuses

  21. Protests to Resistance • Anti-War demonstrations, burn draft cards, marches, rallies • Doves- oppose war, believe should withdraw • Hawks- want greater forces so U.S. can win • 1967, majority supports war

  22. Kent State University • May 4 1970, Kent, OH • Students rioted for days, burned down ROTC building • National Guards fired on Anti-War Protestors • 4 Protestors were killed, 9 wounded

  23. Section Five

  24. Summer 1969 • President Nixon began withdrawing troops from Vietnam.

  25. January, 1969- • Negotiations going nowhere, North Vietnam wanted U.S. troops out of South Vietnam • August, 1969 • Nixon & Kissinger start Vietnamization- U.S. troops out slow, South Vietnamese take over

  26. My Lai • November 1969- Americans learn about My Lai Massacre (March 68’) • Invaded the village, found no Vietcong, killed 200 innocent civilians

  27. May 4, 1970- • National Guard fires on protestors at Kent State University, 4 people died (2 not protestors) • June 1971- • Pentagon Papers leaked, showed govern’t plans to go to war even when Johnson said he wouldn’t; Americans lose trust in govern’t

  28. Oct. 26 1972- • Kissinger called for all troops to leave Vietnam • Nixon won reelect, but kept fighting • Jan. 27 1973- • Peace talks • North Vietnam troops stay in South Vietnam • March 29, 1973- U.S. involvement over • April 30, 1975- South Vietnam felt to North

  29. Legacy of the War • 58,000 Americans killed; 303,000 wounded • 2 million Vietnamese • 1st war lost by America, divided citizens • Veterans not welcome

  30. Khmer Rouge • Cambodia- communist group Khmer Rouge took power 1975 • Executed anyone with an education • Keep control of people • 1 million died

  31. John F. Kennedy • Feelings- • Hesitant, did not intend to have a full war, just wanted to contain communism. • Actions take- • Supported anti-communist leader Diem in Vietnam, money & training for troops • In the End- • Assassinated weeks after Diem, the anti-communist leader of Vietnam was assassinated.

  32. Lyndon Johnson • Feelings- • Communist takeover in Vietnam disastrous, do anything to prevent from happening • Actions take- • Tonkin Gulf Resolution- increase troops • 500,000 by 1967 • Operation Rolling Thunder- bomb North Vietnam • In the End- • Public opposition and a split within the Democratic Party over the war led Johnson to withdraw his name the nomination in 1968.

  33. Richard Nixon • Feelings- • Promised to end war, wanted North Vietnamese out of South Vietnam • Actions take- • Vietnamization- Slowly take out troops • Invaded Cambodia- remove Vietcong support • Intense bombing in North Vietnam • In the End- • Withdrew troops in 1973, Vietnam feel to Communist North in 1973

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