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Solar System Overview

Explore the size, planets, debris, and gravitational forces in the solar system. Learn about viewing the solar system from different perspectives and the arrangement of objects within it.

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Solar System Overview

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  1. 1

  2. Chapter 4 Solar System Overview 2

  3. Outline • Logistics • Read debris, formation (4.2, 4.3). • Turn in Kepler today. • Turn in Sunset 2 (or 1!). • Solar System • Size • Planet survey • Debris 3

  4. If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high (much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude) and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find: A) You are in space, and therefore weightless B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango. D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in Durango. 4

  5. If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high (much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude) and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find: A) You are in space, and therefore weightless B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango. D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in Durango. 5

  6. Gravity • Objects near the Earth’s surface all appear to have the same acceleration due to gravity. • More massive objects and the Earth are attracted to each other with a greater force. • Gravitational force is proportional to the object’s mass. • Acceleration due to any force is inversely proportional to the mass. 6

  7. Newton • Modification to Kepler’s 3rd Law • That “math” law - updated P2(years) = a3(astronomical units) Mtotal(solar units) • For planets around the Sun, this makes very little difference except for (even for) Jupiter (0.1% Msun)

  8. Which mass pair has the greatest gravitational force between them? 1: A 5Msolar mass and a 4Msolar mass separated by 4 AU. 2: A 4Msolar mass and a 3Msolar mass separated by 3 AU. 3: A 3Msolar mass and a 2Msolar mass separated by 2 AU. 4: A 2Msolar mass and a 1Msolar mass separated by 1 AU.

  9. Which mass pair has the greatest gravitational force between them? 1: A 5Msolar mass and a 4Msolar mass separated by 4 AU. 2: A 4Msolar mass and a 3Msolar mass separated by 3 AU. 3: A 3Msolar mass and a 2Msolar mass separated by 2 AU. 4: A 2Msolar mass and a 1Msolar mass separated by 1 AU.

  10. Chapter 4 Solar System Survey 10

  11. Figure 4.3Planetary Alignment 11

  12. Solar System • Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? 12

  13. Solar System • Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? • 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun. • Most of the rest is in Jupiter • As you approach the solar system, what can you observe? 13

  14. Solar System • Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? • 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun. • Most of the rest is in Jupiter • As you approach the solar system, what can you observe? • Almost everything is in a plane • Some small rocky (Terrestrial) planets • Some big gaseous (Jovian) planets • Some other stuff (debris) 14

  15. Figure 4.1Solar System 15

  16. Figure 4.2Sun and Planets 16

  17. Solar System Model • Earth - Moon system • Planet Sizes • Planet distances • Stellar distances 17

  18. What is the correct order, going from closest to farthest from the Sun? A) Venus, Jupiter, Asteroids, Neptune B) Jupiter, Neptune , Oort cloud, Pluto C) Venus, Asteroids, Saturn, Neptune D) Neptune, Uranus, Asteroids, Kuiper Belt E) Saturn, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus 18

  19. Solar System • Let’s look at some of these system planets 19

  20. What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan 20

  21. What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan 21

  22. Figure 6.9Mercury, Up Close - and Messenger Flyby Photos on-line 22

  23. Figure 6.2Mercury - the view from Earth 23

  24. What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Venus B) Earth C) Neptune D) Mars E) Uranus 24

  25. What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Venus B) Earth C) Neptune D) Mars E) Uranus 25

  26. Figure 6.5Venus - Earth’s sister planet 26

  27. What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan 27

  28. Figure 6.6Mars A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan 28

  29. Solar System Debris • What about the rest of the stuff? 29

  30. Review Questions Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 30

  31. When is the Sun directly overhead in Durango, Colorado? A) Every day at noon B) Only on the equinox days, at noon C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon D) Never 31

  32. When is the Sun directly overhead in Durango, Colorado? A) Every day at noon B) Only on the equinox days, at noon C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon D) Never 32

  33. The practical limit in magnification for a 10 inch refractor is… A) There is no limit because you can always change eyepieces B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere C) 200x, limited by the diameter D) 100x, limited by the magnitude 33

  34. The practical limit in magnification for a 10 inch refractor is… A) There is no limit because you can always change eyepieces B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere C) 200x, limited by the diameter D) 100x, limited by the magnitude 34

  35. If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia? A) North of east B) Due east C) South of east D) Can’t tell with information given 35

  36. If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia? A) North of east B) Due east C) South of east D) Can’t tell with information given 36

  37. More Physics Fun • Suppose that you support a meter stick such that more of it sticks off to the left as shown. Now suppose you moves your fingers slowly together until they touch. What will happen to the meter stick? 37

  38. Meter stick A) It will fall off the right side. B) It will fall off the left side. C) Neither; it will end up balanced on your fingers. 38

  39. A scientist in the video traveled to the arctic to study • The aurora borealis • Polar bears • Melting polar ice • Earth’s magnetic pole location • Nutritional value of M&Ms 39

  40. Video Notes • Asteroid Density • Pictures show density way to high • Mars Atmosphere • Much simpler explanation • Water on Moon • New discovery 40

  41. Three Minute Paper • Write 1-3 sentences. • What was the most important thing you learned today? • What questions do you still have about today’s topics? 41

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