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Nationalism in China, India, and Southwest Asia (Ch. 14, Sec. 3 & 4)

Nationalism in China, India, and Southwest Asia (Ch. 14, Sec. 3 & 4). Imperial China Collapsed. Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) overthrew the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1911) Sun Yixian (President) set up government based on democratic ideas (including people’s rights)

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Nationalism in China, India, and Southwest Asia (Ch. 14, Sec. 3 & 4)

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  1. Nationalism in China, India, and Southwest Asia (Ch. 14, Sec. 3 & 4)

  2. Imperial China Collapsed • Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) overthrew the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1911) • Sun Yixian (President) set up government based on democratic ideas (including people’s rights) • Sun turned presidency over to Yuan Shikai (military dictator) in hopes of uniting the nation • When he died (1916), civil war broke out & provincial warlords assumed power • Treaty of Versailles (1919) gave control of Chinese territories (Germany) to Japan

  3. The Communists’ Long March

  4. Communist Party in China • May Fourth Movement (protest over treaty by students) led to more support for Communist ideas • After Sun Yixian died (1925), Jiang Jieshi became leader of Kuomintang (democracy & rights) • Jiang joined forces with Communists (Mao Zedong) to defeat warlords, but turned on them in 1927 • The Shanghai attack killed many leaders & almost wiped out the Communists • Communist began Long March to escape Nationalist forces (around 8,000 survived), but Japan’s 1937 occupation of Manchuria (coal & iron ore) led to truce

  5. Indian Nationalism • Hindu Indian National Congress (1885) & Muslim League (1906) worked to end British rule • Protest of Rowlatt Acts turned into Amritsar Massacre (400 dead, 1,200 wounded) • Gandhi’s teachings blended many major religions • Ghandhi preached nonviolence (satyagraha), boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience / Salt March • After gaining self-rule from Britain, Muslims & Hindus had different ideas for India’s future

  6. Muslims and Hindus had different ideas for India’s future and each wanted to control India.

  7. Independence in Southwest Asia • Mustafa Kemal led Turkish nationalists as they defeated Greece and Britain • They overthrew the last Ottoman sultan and established the Republic of Turkey • Persia defeated Britain and became the nation of Iran under Reza Shah Pahlavi • Arabia unified as Saudi Arabia under King Saud / kept Islamic traditions, added modern technology • Southwest Asian countries control 2/3 of the world’s oil supply (mostly Muslim controlled)

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