1 / 22

Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature

Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature. Final Term CHEM 111p Lb February 15, 2011. Structure. Carbonyl group Aldehyde Ketone. IUPAC Naming of Aldehydes.

lisbet
Download Presentation

Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature Final Term CHEM 111p Lb February 15, 2011

  2. Structure Carbonyl group Aldehyde Ketone

  3. IUPAC Naming of Aldehydes Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane name with -al . The parent chain must contain the -CHO group, and the –CHO carbon is numbered as carbon 1.

  4. IUPAC Naming of Aldehydes Examples:

  5. IUPAC Naming of Aldehydes 2-ethyI-4-methylpentanal Note that the longest chain in 2-ethyI-4-methylpentanal is a hexane, but this chain does not include the -CHO group and thus is not considered the parent.

  6. cyclohexanecarbaldehyde IUPAC Naming of Aldehydes Aldehydes: attached to rings: ring+carbaldehyde  “ringcarbaldehyde” 3-hydroxycyclopentanecarbaldehyde benzenecarbaldehyde For cyclic aldehydes in which the -CHO group is directly attached to a ring, the suffix -carbaldehyde is used .

  7. Common Names of Aldehydes formic acid formaldehyde acetic acid acetaldehyde propionic acid propionaldehyde butyric acid butyraldehyde valeraldehyde valeric acid caproaldehyde caproic acid • In the common system, aldehydes are named from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic acid. • The ‘ic acid’ ending is replaced with ‘aldehyde’.

  8. -bromobutyraldehyde -hydroxyvaleraldehyde -phenylacetaldehyde Substituents locations are given using Greek letters (, , , , , .) beginning with the carbon next to the carbonyl carbon, the a-carbon.

  9. Practice: Give the IUPAC name of the following.

  10. Practice: Give the IUPAC name of the following. 4-hydroxypentanal 2-phenylethanal 3-bromobutanal

  11. IUPAC Naming of Ketones Use the parent alkane name. Remove the -e ending and replace it with -one. Use a number to indicate the position of the carbonyl group in the hydrocarbon chain. Select the number so that the carbonyl has the lowest possible number. The word acyl is used if the –RCO group is used as a substituent.

  12. IUPAC Naming of Ketones The word acyl is used if the –RCO group is used as a substituent.

  13. IUPAC Naming of Ketones 1-phenyl-1-butanone 2-chloro-4-methyl-3-pentanone 2-butanone

  14. IUPAC Naming of Ketones An olefinic ketone is named as an ‘enone’, literally: “#-alken-#-one”. 4-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one 3-oxopentanal • Ketones are just below aldehydes in nomenclature priority. • A ketone group is named as an ‘oxo’ substituent in an aldehyde.

  15. Common Names of Ketones • The two alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl are named and the word ‘ketone’ is added as a separate word. It is literally ‘alkyl alkyl ketone’. • The alkyl groups are listed alphabetically or in order of increasing size.

  16. Common Names of Ketones methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) -chloroethyl isopropyl ketone Some historic names persist: acetophenone benzophenone benzaldehyde As with aldehydes, substituents locations are given in common names using Greek letters (, , , , , .) beginning with the a-carbon.

  17. Give the IUPAC name and common name, if possible.

  18. Give the IUPAC name and common name, if possible. (I) 1-phenyl-2-propanone (I) 4-fluorocyclohexane-1-carbaldehyde (c) methyl benzyl ketone (I) 3-cylcopentene-1-carbaldehyde (I) 2-butenal (I) 3-buten-2-one (c) methyl vinyl ketone

  19. Draw the structures of the following compounds. butanedial bromomethyl b-bromoethyl ketone 2,4-pentanedione

  20. Draw the structures of the following compounds. butanedial bromomethyl b-bromoethyl ketone 2,4-pentanedione

More Related