Greek & Latin Roots of English

Greek & Latin Roots of English Week 3

This week • We must learn “How Greek Works” • Inflected language • A different Alphabet!!! • Shorter than the Latin chapter • English to Greek • Much easier and shorter than the Latin chapter!!!

The Greek Alphabet

Greek Alphabet

Greek Diphthongs

More about diphthongs • Upsilon (u) is usually transliterated as y. • kukloς = cyclos (circle) • Aisculoς = Aeschylus • typoς = typos (figure, form) When it is part of a diphthong, it is transliterated as u. • trauma = trauma (wound) • yeudon = pseudon (false)

More about diphthongs • If gamma (g) appears before another gamma, kappa (k), chi (c), or xi (x), the gamma is pronounced in Greek, and transliterated in English, as n. • aggelos = angelos (messenger) • falagx = phalanx (phalanx, body of troops) • agkura = ankyra (anchor) • brogcoς = bronchos (windpipe)

Breathing Signs • Smooth breathing = ̓ • Rough breathing = ‘ • a’nti = anti (against) • ̓ iota = iota • a‘rmonia = harmonia (harmony) • w‘ra = hora (time)

Rho and kappa • If a word begins with a rho (r), it always has a rough breathing sign. It is transliterated as rh. • If rho appears elsewhere in the word, it is r. • ‘rhtwr = rhetor (speaker) • ‘ronboς = rhombos (rhombus) • derma = derma (skin) • peri= peri (around) • If a word begins with kappa (k), it can be c or k.

Cognates

Greek into English

Adjective-Forming Suffixes

Noun-Forming Suffixes

Learned Borrowings

The End Now let’s do some exercises

Greek & Latin Roots of English