Health Services Administration

1. Health Services Administration HSA 171 CAR

2. Leadership 1436/6/11

4. Learning Objectives: • Definition. • The Essence of Leadership. • Types of Leaders • Management and Leadership • Factors of Leadership. • Characteristics of Leadership • Leadership styles.

5. Leadership • Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. • The process of encouraging and helping others to work enthusiastically towards objectives . • Alan Keith stated that, & quot; • Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen.

6. What is Leadership? • Leadership  is the ability to develop a vision that motivates others to move with a passion toward a common goal. So Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.

7. Definition • Leadership is “The ability to positively influence people and systems to have a meaningful impact and achieve results”.

8. The Essence of Leadership • Leadership refers to ability of one individual to influence others. • The influence is exercised to change the behavior of others. • Change of behavior is caused with an objective of achieving a shared goal.

9. The Essence of Leadership • The person influencing others (leader) possesses a set of qualities or characteristics with which he or she to influence others • Leadership is a group phenomenon . It involves interaction between two or more people.

10. Leadership? • Leading People • Influencing People • Commanding People • Guiding People

11. Types of Leaders • Leader by the position achieved • Leader by personality, charisma • Leader by moral example • Leader by power held Intellectual leader • Leader because of ability to accomplish things

12. Management and Leadership • Management - is a process of planning ,organizing, coordinating ,directing, and controlling the activities of others. • Leadership - is the process of influencing for the purpose of achieving shared goals.

13. Managers Vs. Leaders

14. Four Factors of Leadership • Leader: You must have an honest understanding of who you are, what you know, and what you can do. To be successful you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed. • Followers: Different people require different styles of leadership. The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation•

15. Four Factors of Leadership Cont’ 3.Communication: You lead through two-way communication. Much of it is nonverbal. Bad communication harm the relation between leader and employee. 4.Situation: All situations are different. What you do in one situation will not always work in another. You must use your judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation.

16. Characteristics of Leadership • Leader must have followers. • It is working relationship between leader and followers. • Purpose is to achieve some common goal or goals. • A leader influences his followers willingly not by force. • Leadership is exercised in a given situation. • Leadership is a power relationship. • It is a continuous process.

17. Styles of Leadership:

18. Styles of Leadership: • The three major styles of leadership are (U.S. Army Handbook, 1973) : • Authoritarian or autocratic • Participative or democratic • Delegative or Free Reign

19. Autocratic or Authoritarian Style : • Autocratic– The authoritarian leader makes decisions alone as power is centralized in one person. Decisions are enforced using rewards and the fear of punishment. it is an abusive, unprofessional style.

20. Autocratic or Authoritarian Style : • Under the autocratic leadership style, all decision-making powers are centralized in the leader , as with dictator leaders. • They do not entertain any suggestions or initiatives from subordinates. • It permits quick decision-making , as only one person decides for the whole group and keeps each decision to himself until he feels it is needed to be shared with the rest of the group. • High degree of dependency on the leader

21. Participative or Democratic Style: • Democratic- The participative leader include one or more employees in the decision making process. Communication flow freely; suggestions are made in both directions. The participation encourages member commitment to the final decision.

22. Participative or Democratic Style: • The democratic leadership style favors decision-making by the group . • They can win the cooperation of their group and can motivate them effectively and positively.

23. Participative or Democratic Style: • The decisions of the democratic leader are not unilateral as with the autocrat because they arise from consultation with the group members and participation by them. • Consultative: process of consultation before decisions are taken • Persuasive: Leader takes decision and seeks to persuade others that the decision is correct.

24. Laissez –Faire or free rein style : • Laissez-faire- The free-rein leader gives power to subordinates to make the decisions. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation. Deligative style is generally not useful.

25. Laissez –Faire or free rein style • A free rein leader does not lead, but leaves the group entirely to itself such a leader allows maximum freedom to subordinates , i.e. they are given a free hand in deciding their own policies and methods. • Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are important • Can be highly motivational , as people have control over their working life.

26. Laissez –Faire or free rein style • Can make coordination and decision making time-consuming and lacking in overall direction Relies on good team work. • Relies on good interpersonal relations.