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Lesson part 4 How can you describe matter ?

Lesson part 4 How can you describe matter ?. Matter can be describes by its physical properties, including measurements of its mass, volume, and density. Vocabulary :. Matter Mass Volume Density States of matter Kinetic energy Temperature Heat Condensation Freezing.

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Lesson part 4 How can you describe matter ?

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  1. Lesson part 4 How can you describe matter? Matter can be describes by its physical properties, including measurements of its mass, volume, and density.

  2. Vocabulary: Matter Mass Volume Density States of matter Kinetic energy Temperature Heat Condensation Freezing

  3. Measuring Mass and Volume • Matteris anything that has mass and volume • The heaviness of something is its Mass • Weight is a measure of the force gravity puts on objects • So, this means that objects that has greater mass will have more weight.

  4. When you step on a bathroom scale, what are you measuring? The scale measures the effect of Earth's gravitational force on the mass of your body.

  5. So, how can you find the mass of your body? You would have to compare the unknown mass of your body to some known mass. For example, you could sit on one end of a seesaw and have someone add objects of known mass to the other end.

  6. Mass These two boys together have the same mass as the teacher.

  7. Grams (g) • Commonly used to measure mass • You can convert grams to other measurements easily because it is part of the metric system.

  8. Metric systemK H D – d c m Kill Him Dead – don’t cry murder Kilo Heto Deca (grams)deci centi milli Move to the right or to the left the number of spots to get to the desired measure. 45.34 g = _____________Kg 045.34 .04534Kg

  9. Volume ----two ways • The volume of an object is the amount of space it takes up. For example, an inflated balloon takes up more space-has greater volume- than an empty balloon.

  10. Volume cont. 2. Volume can also be used to find the capacity- that is, how much material something can hold. Example, a pool holds more than a tea cup.

  11. Finding Volume of solids: Prisms V= length x width x height V= 3cm x 3cm x 3cm V= 27cm3 Weird shapes Water displacement method

  12. Using a graduated cylinder: • Look at the bottom of the meniscus This is 43ml .

  13. DensityWhat is density, and how is it measured? Imagine that you just packed two identical boxes. One box has pillows and the other books. You have forgotten which one has what. How can you figure this out without opening the boxes you just taped up?

  14. If you said pick them up and feel which one is heavier, you just used density to figure this out.

  15. Density is the amount of matter packed into a given space. In other words, density is the amount of mass in a certain volume of matter. Just because it is bigger doesn’t mean is more dense.

  16. Calculating density: You can calculate density if you know two things- its mass and volume. You can find the density of the sample be diving its mass by its volume. Formula: D= M / V Density = mass / volume

  17. Density = mass / volume Example: Find the density of a piece of metal that has a volume of 2.0 mL and a mass of 9.0 g. D= 9.0 g / 2.0 mL D= 4.5 g/mL

  18. Neat fact about density- Density is a characteristic of all matter. This means that a particular kind of matter always has the same density, regardless of where the matter comes from. Water density is 1.00 g/mL This means that a milliliter of water has a mass of 1 gram. 20 degrees g/ mL)

  19. Density can be used to ID matter- Look here 20 degrees Suppose we find an object and measure its mass and volume to find its density. We can use this chart to identify what it is. Example: Mass is 85g and the volume is 100 cubic ml What is the density? What is the mystery substance? g/ mL

  20. Density and temperature • Did you notice that the table of common densities had a temperature? • This is done because temperature affects density. • As a general rule, matter expands when it is heated and contracts when its cooler.

  21. Remember this…. Temp Volume Density Temp Volume Density • So, if it gets heated up, then the density gets smaller. • And, if it gets cooler, then the density is higher.

  22. Sink or float? • Density can be used to predict if an object will sink or float. • We know that water has a density of 1.0g/ml • So, any object with a density higher than that of water will be sure to sink.

  23. Egg trick… • A fresh egg has a density of 1.2 g/ml • A rotten egg has a density of 0.9 g/ml How will you use this information in your own life now?

  24. Lesson part 4 review… • All matter has mass and volume • Mass and weight are different • You can find volume by: 1. calculating it using L x W x H 2. displacement of a liquid • Density = mass / volume

  25. Lesson part 5 What makes up matter? All matter is made up of very tiny particles that are in constant motion The physical state of a sample of matter (state of matter) is determined by two things: • how it moves • how the particles are attracted to each other.

  26. Does Matter Move? Think about a speck of dust in the light. It looks like it is being moved around by a invisible hand. Think about when you cook something stinky. The smell travels all over your house. Yes… all matter is always moving!!!

  27. How big are particles of matter? • Tiny • Some are so tiny that they cannot be seen without a very advanced microscopes.

  28. Air is an example of matter • The air in this room moves all around. • The air particles collide with everything in the room, including that particle of dust. • The collisions of air particles cause the dust to bounce around.

  29. Do you need more evidence? A balloon stays inflated only because the particles of air are bouncing off the inside of the balloon.

  30. States of matter: • Gases • Solid • liquid

  31. Evidence that liquid particles move around: • Watch as the food coloring is mixed into the water without stirring up • Because it mixes by itself we know that the water particles are bouncing into the food coloring, making it mover around.

  32. What about solids?Is your desk moving? • Objects in a solid state maintain their shapes.  • So, solids have a definite shape that does not change when they are moved.  • The particles of a solid are locked into places.  • These particles have little free space.  Due to the small amount of free space, the object in a solid state is not able to be pushed together.  Solids show a definite shape and a definite volume.

  33. Forces of attraction in matter: • Forces of attraction among particles are different for different substances.

  34. Attracting Matter: Gases: particles of gas barely touch each other at all. These particles fly around so fast that they cannot stick together. Liquid: particles of liquid have slightly stronger attractions to each other. They can slip and slide past each other. Solid: particles of solids have strong attractions. These can only vibrate back and forth in their position.

  35. Prove It! Forms of matter • Gases • Liquid • Solid Evidence that it moves • Inflated balloon, dust bounces around • Mixing colored water without stirring • Tough to prove…isn’t it? We need mircoscopes

  36. Lesson 5 review • What is matter made of? • Why do solids have a definite shape but liquids and gases do not?

  37. Lesson part 6How is the motion of particles involved in changing the state of matter?

  38. Important to remember: Most matter exists in all three states- solid, liquid and gas Another word for heatis energy.

  39. What does energy do to matter? Example: Water • Water as liquid • Ice as solid • Water vapor as gas *Matter changes states when energy is added or taken away from it.

  40. What is kinetic energy? • If you throw a ball, it has energy because it is moving. • This energy of motion is called Kinetic Energy. • Even the particles that make up matter have kinetic energy because they’re moving.

  41. So, what determines how much kinetic energy matter will have? Temperature

  42. Temperature Is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material

  43. Many people confuse temperature and heat. This is not correct. They are related but not the same. To remember the difference think of the bath tub and a glass of water that feels about the same to the touch. The water has the same temperature. But the bath tub contains a lot more water particles so the tub has more heat energy.

  44. Water changes states when energy is added or taken away • Solid to liquid… melting • Water to gas… evaporation • Gas to liquid… condensation • Liquid to solid… freezing

  45. Condensation- if enough heat is removed from the gas it changes to liquid.

  46. Evaporation As more energy is added, the liquid turns into gas.

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