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Introduction to International Banking. Key Concepts. Bretton Woods Agreement- designed to provide coordination of monetary policy among the major world economies International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank
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Key Concepts • Bretton Woods Agreement- designed to provide coordination of monetary policy among the major world economies • International Monetary Fund (IMF) • World Bank • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)[and now it’s successor the World Trade Organization(WTO)] • Eurocurrency and Eurobond Markets • London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) • Universal banking
Introduction • Linked to the development of world trade, the process of urbanization, and the rise of the nation-state. • Banking transactions crossing national boundaries • Essential prerequisites for international banking is • The rule of law • Political stability • Large-scale economies with depth and scope to support major international banking hubs
History of International Banking • Origin in Renaissance (lending to kings) • Active international lending and bond market in the 19th century • Growth of trade and multinationals postwar • Development of euromarkets in the 1960s
Reasons for international banking • Business contacts • Potential for increasing returns to scale and self sustaining growth of centres • Location of customers • Pool of skilled labour • Trades and professions • Liquidity and efficiency of markets
Reasons for international banking • Interrelation of markets (e.g. derivatives and underlying) • Input cost differences (e.g. in cost of domestic funding)
Features of International banking • Competition for market share among Banks • Competition for bank loans from the international bond market • Importance of international interbank market (IIBM) as source of liquidity and funding for banks, and risks arising