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Understanding Computer Architecture: A Comprehensive Introduction

Explore the fundamentals of computer architecture, from hardware components to binary systems. Learn about CPUs, memory, storage, and more. Discover the interplay between hardware and software for optimal performance. Dive into key concepts like logic gates, digital design, and machine organization. Enhance your knowledge of computer systems and their operation.

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Understanding Computer Architecture: A Comprehensive Introduction

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  1. Computer ArchitectureOpening Yu-Lun Kuo 郭育倫 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tunghai University Taichung, 40704, Taiwan R.O.C. sscc6991@gmail.com

  2. Syllabus • Instructor • 郭育倫, sscc6991@gmail.com • Textbook • Computer Organization and Design, 4/e: The Hardware/Software Interface, Morgan Kaufmann, 2010 • David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy

  3. Syllabus • References • Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5th Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2011 • David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy • Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance, 9th Edition, 2012 • William Stallings

  4. Why learn this stuff? • Why and What is this course? • What is a computer? • You want to call yourself a “computer scientist” • You want to build software people use (Analysis) (Performance) (Design) • You need to make a purchasing decision or offer “expert” advice

  5. Why learn this stuff? • Both Hardware and Software affect performance • Algorithm determines number of source-level statements • Language/Compiler/Architecture determine machine instructions (Chapter 2 and 3) • Processor/Memory determine how fast instructions are executed (Chapter 5, 6, and 7)

  6. How do computers work? • Need to understand abstractions such as: • Applications software • Systems software • Assembly Language • Machine Language • Architectural Issues: i.e., Caches, Virtual Memory, Pipelining • Sequential logic, finite state machines • Combinational logic, arithmetic circuits • Boolean logic, 1s and 0s • Transistors used to build logic gates (CMOS) • Semiconductors/Silicon used to build transistors • Properties of atoms, electrons, and quantum dynamics • So much to learn!

  7. What is a computer? • Components: • CPU (the processor(s)) • Input (mouse, keyboard) • Output (display, printer) • Memory (disk drives, DRAM, SRAM, CD) • Network • Our primary focus: the processor (datapath and control) • Implemented using millions of transistors • Impossible to understand by looking at each transistor

  8. Why learn this stuff? • Computer Calculator everywhere

  9. Why learn this stuff? • What is Computer (calculator)?

  10. Why learn this stuff?CPU & Memory

  11. Why learn this stuff?Storage

  12. Binary System

  13. Binary System • Why binary? • Digital (Digit) 1 = 導電 = True = Open 0 = 不導電 = False = Close

  14. Binary System • Memory & Storage • 128MB, 256MB, 1024MB • 4GB, 8GB, 32GB • TB vs. GB vs. MB vs. KB • 1 TB = 1024 GB • 1 GB = 1024 MB • 1 MB = 1024 KB • 1 KB = 1024 B

  15. Arithmetic Logic Gate

  16. Basic Organization of Any Computer Keyboard Mouse Computer Processor Devices Memory Input Control Disk Datapath Output MonitorPrinter

  17. Application (IE) Operating Compiler System (MS Windows) Software Assembler Hardware Processor Memory I/O system Datapath & Control Digital Design Circuit Design Transistors Computer Architecture Instruction Set Architecture Machine Organization Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine Organization

  18. Overview

  19. Textbook Contents • 1: Computer Abstractions and Technology • 2: Instructions: Language of the Computer • 3: Arithmetic for Computers • 4: Assessing and Understanding Performance • 5: The Processor: Datapath and Control • 6: Enhancing Performance with Pipelining • 7: Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy • 8: Storage, Networks, and Other Peripherals • 9: Multiprocessors and Clusters

  20. Syllabus • Requirements • Participants 10% (if got zero…) • Team report 20% (15% Presentation) • Mid-term exam 30% • Final exam 40% • TA • 蘇奕瑋 • kigipaul@gmail.com • Course website • http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~d95037

  21. Project Report • Topic • CPU • Compare different kinds of CPU architecture • Ex. Mainframe, supercomputer, PC (Dual Core, Core 2 Duo, Quad-Core, Atom, CULV), ARM etc. • Storage Technology • Compare different kinds of storage devices • Describe develop history and technique in detail • Ex. HD, SSD, RAM, flash, memory (storage) card • Any related devices (Architectures)

  22. Project Report • Rules and Regulations • Write a report (format: word) (One week after the report) • Team work • No more than 5 people • Everyone must report (Personal Points) • Time: 20~25 minutes • After mid-term exam • Tell us the contribution of member • List at last slide

  23. Schedule • 2/23、3/2、3/9、3/16、3/23、3/30 • 4/6Tomb-Sweeping festival(4/4) • 4/13 • 4/20mid-exam • 4/27、5/4 • 5/11、5/18、5/25、6/1 Team Report • 6/8 畢業典禮 (?) • 6/15 final-exam

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