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Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles. COMMON CELL TRAITS. A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions . COMPARING CELLS. The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does). PROKARYOTIC CELLS (proh KAYR ee yah tihk). cells without a nucleus EX : bacteria

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles

  2. COMMON CELL TRAITS • A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  3. COMPARING CELLS • The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

  4. PROKARYOTIC CELLS(proh KAYR ee yah tihk) • cells without a nucleus • EX: bacteria pond scum

  5. EUKARYOTIC CELLS(yew KAYR ee yah tihk) • cells with a nucleus • EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

  6. ORGANELLES • Organelle = “little organ” • An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell. • Found only inside eukaryotic cells

  7. CELL WALL(Plant Cell Only) • Protects and supports • Gives shape • Stiff covering located outside of the cell membrane • Allows materials to pass through • A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria cells.

  8. CELL MEMBRANE • Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells. • For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall. • Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

  9. CYTOPLASM • Not an organelle • Cyto=cell • Translucent, grayish, jellylike • All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm • Gelatin-like inside cell membrane • Constantly flows • Made mostly of water

  10. NUCLEUS • Directs all cell activities • Contains instructions for everything the cell does • These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA • Usually the largest organelle • Easiest organelle to see under a microscope

  11. CHLOROPLAST(Plant Cell Only) • Contains chlorophyll • Makes plants green • Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars • Photosynthesis takes place here

  12. CHLOROPHYLL • A green chemicalthat gives leaves & stems their color • Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose • Glucose is a type of sugar

  13. MITOCHONDRIA • Organelles that release energy from food • This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide • A.k.a. the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food

  14. RIBOSOMES • Make proteins • Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Ribosomes are made in the nucleus

  15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • A.k.a. “ER” • A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell • Like a conveyor belt • Smooth ER – ribosomes not attached to ER • Rough ER – ribosomes attached to ER

  16. GOLGI COMPLEX • Stack of flat, pancake-shaped discs • Modify, sort, package, and store carbohydrates and proteins until they are needed. • Makes lysosomes

  17. LYSOSOMES • Breaks down materials for digestion • Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell • Garbage disposal of the cell

  18. VACUOLE • Most plant cells have one large one • Filled w/ fluid • Temporary storage spaces • Stores food, water, waste

  19. Plant and Animal Cells both have: • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Cytoplasm with organelles

  20. Plant and Animal Cell Differences • PLANT CELL • Has a cell wall which is thicker and tougher than a cell membrane. • Contains chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and allows the plant to make its own food. • ANIMAL CELL • Does not contain a cell wall. • Does not contain chloroplasts.

  21. Technology Project Review 1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 3- Mitochondria 4- Ribosomes 5- Chloroplasts 6- Vacuoles 8- Cell Membrane 7- ER

  22. Quick Review • Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus • Which organelle holds the cell together? Cell membrane • Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts • Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts • What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum

  23. NAME THE ORGANELLE a. _________ c. ___________ b. ___________ d. ____________

  24. NAME THE ORGANELLE a. Nucleus c. Golgi body b. Chloroplast d. Mitochondria

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