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Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Growth

Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Growth. SOL VA. US. 6a-d. Nationalism:. Love for one’s country. Love for one’s region or section of a country. Sectionalism:. Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride. Era of Good Feelings.

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Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Growth

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  1. Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Growth SOL VA. US. 6a-d

  2. Nationalism: Love for one’s country

  3. Love for one’s region or section of a country Sectionalism:

  4. Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride Era of Good Feelings James Monroe: 5th President Political & Economic Nationalism Develops

  5. Political Nationalism Marshall Court Goal: Strengthen National Government

  6. Marshall Court Decisions McCulloch v. Maryland: Can States tax National Programs? 1) States cannot tax the national government National Government over State Governments 2) National Bank was legal Reinforced the doctrine of implied powers National Bank

  7. Gibbons v. Ogden Q: Who has the power to regulate navigation? NY State gives steamboat ferry monopoly to Ogden A: National government controls interstate commerce (trade)

  8. Political: Foreign Policy Nationalist Goals: Establish presence in world affairs Expand & secure borders

  9. Adams – Onis Treaty Spain agreed to give up Florida to the United States

  10. Monroe Doctrine America warns Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

  11. Economic Nationalism: Henry Clay: “American System” Goal: To strengthen the American economy How? Improved Transportation National Bank Protective Tariffs

  12. Provide low interest loans to expand business & industry Re-chartered in 1816: By Republicans National Bank

  13. Protective Tariff Allows American businesses to grow Tax on imports

  14. Improved Transportation: Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster Canals Roads Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James Madison & James Monroe

  15. Economic Nationalism leads to Sectional Specialization The United States was growing: The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States Each section develops own unique economy

  16. Industrialization Northeast Factory System expands: Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System” Machine: “Spinning Jenny” Factors that lead to industrialization:

  17. - Rivers and streams - Capital resources - Poor agricultural conditions - Large labor supply

  18. Lowell System All in one production facility “Factory Girls” New England becomes the center of textile production

  19. Plantation Agriculture South The Cotton Gin • Increased • Productivity • # of Plantations • Cash-Crop Economy • “King Cotton”

  20. Diversified Farming West Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys - Attracts people from the east and Europe

  21. Small farms give way to specialized farms Wheat: - Northern Plains Corn and Livestock: -Ohio River Valley Tobacco: - Kentucky

  22. Northeastern Needs: Southern Cotton Western food

  23. Southern Needs: Northern Manufactured Goods Western Food

  24. Western Needs: Northern Manufactured Goods

  25. Demands of the National Economy promotes the “Transportation Revolution” Roads Canals Steamboats Trains

  26. Turnpikes (Toll Roads): - Built by private companies from 1800 -1825 - Cumberland Road: Allowed wagon traffic from the seaboard to the Ohio River Valley

  27. Erie Canal “Clinton’s Big Ditch” Opened in 1825 - Linked New York City with New Orleans

  28. Steamboats: Faster river travel

  29. Most important change of the Transportation Revolution Fast, Reliable, and cheaper than canals Trains:

  30. The Transportation Revolution led to the development of the National Economy North West South

  31. Inventions Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin: removed seeds from cotton fiber Provides the mills with large quantities of cotton to turn into cloth Interchangeable Parts: Mass production of machine equipment

  32. John Deere & the Steel Plow

  33. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper

  34. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

  35. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840sSewing Machine

  36. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat The Clermont

  37. American Population Centers in 1820

  38. American Population Centers in 1860 Transportation Revolution led to the spreading of American Population

  39. POTENTIAL EXPANSION PROBLEM SLAVERY

  40. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Missouri applies for statehood in 1819 • Senate: 11 free states & 11 slave states

  41. The Compromise • Missouri enters Union as a slave state • Maine enters Union as a free state • A line is drawn at 36/30 • Above it = Free • Below it = Slave • Compromise Created by Henry Clay

  42. Growing Sectionalism

  43. Henry Clay[KY] Andrew Jackson [TN} John Quincy Adams[MA] William H. Crawford[GA] 1824 Presidential Election

  44. Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

  45. 1828 Election Results

  46. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c Impact of decreasing property ownership requirements? More “common people” can vote

  47. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

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