Biological Processing of Organic discards

1. Shibu K. Nair Programme Director (Zero Waste) Thanal India Biological Processing of Organic discards

2. Zero Waste ‘Zero waste is a logical planning approach Incorporating principles of effective human and material resource utilization to avoid the conversion of discards into waste – an inefficient form – in a manner that revitalizes the local economy.’

3. Components of Zero Waste • Clean Production • Extended Producer Responsibility • Resource Recovery • Building Capacity • Building Relations • Participation • Policy

4. Ethics Participation Decentralised Facilities Zero Waste Economics Efficiency Policies

5. Why Zero Waste? • Ensure resource conservation and social justice • Ensure increased efficiency and • Economic opportunities for Growth • Combat Climate Change – • Zero Waste for Zero Warming

6. Understanding Discards

7. Understanding Discards Biodegradable Plant Debris Grass cuttings Leaves Parts of plants with High silica Putrescibles Vegetable Food Putrescibles Raw Meat, Fish Cooked Meat, Fish, Dead animals Wormi Composting Aerobic Composting Biogas

8. Aerobic Digestion Composting Vermi composting Anaerobic Digestion Biogas Plants

9. Composting Phase - 1 Mesophilic Bacteria Decomposes simple elements in bio degradable discards Temp: 20 ~ 30 Phase - 2 Thermophilic Bacteria Decomposes complex elements (Proteins, Fats, Carbo Hydrates – Cellulose, Hemi cellulose) Kills germs Temp: 50 ~ 60 Phase - 3 Mesophilic Bacteria Decomposes the rest of the materials Cools down the compost

10. What We can Do? • Material use policy • Source Segregation and Disposal • Resource Recovery and exchange • Participation • Segregation at Source • Proximity Principle – Bio degradable • Green, Green, Green

13. Vermi Composting Phase - 1 Mesophilic Bacteria Decomposes simple elements in bio degradable discards Primary fermentation Temp: 20 ~ 30 Phase - 2 Worms Eats semi decomposed materials. Digestion happens inside the worms Eisenia foetida Red wigglers Phase - 3 Vermi Cast Excreta of worms will come out tea dust.

14. Care to be taken in Composting and Vermi Composting

15. Care to be taken in Composting and Vermi Composting

16. What is AD? Anaerobic digestion is a process in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic digestion is a renewable energy source because the process produces methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas suitable for energy production. Also, the nutrient-rich solids left after digestion can be used as fertiliser.

17. Anaerobic Digestion - Process Carbo hydrates Sugars Carbonic Acid Alocohol Hydrogen Acetic acid Carbon dioxide Fats Fatty Acids Methane Carbon di oxide Hydrogen Carbon di oxide Ammonia Proteins Amino Acids Methanogenesis Hydrolysis Acidogenesis Acetogenesis

18. Anaerobic Digestion - Process

20. Liquid Waste Management

21. Liquid Waste Management

22. Soak Pit • A Soak Pit, also known as a soakaway or leach pit, is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground. Pre-settled effluent from a Collection and Storage/Treatment or (Semi-) Centralized Treatment technology is discharged to the underground chamber from where it infiltrates into the surrounding soil. 1meter X 1meter X 1meter pit. Bottom – filled with large rock pieces Middle – filled with gravel and small rocks Top – filled with fine sand Water inlet should have minimum filter to avoid solids going into the pit.

23. Build you own Zero Waste Neighborhood www.thanal.co.in

24. Zero waste provides for infinite and creative ideas rooted on ecology. Exploring them challenge creativity and when creativity emerges, waste disappear to zero. From mere resource management to life style, culture, building relationships and linking everyone to this earth and its life supporting systems.

25. Thank you Thanal H-3 Jawahar Nagar, Kawdiar P.O. Thiruvananthapuram Kerala, India 695 003 Tel – +91 471-27 27 150 / +91 98 951 820 67 E-mail – zerowaste@thanal.co.in www.thanal.co.in