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Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon

Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon. Franklyn Nkongho. Background Design Results Concluding remarks. Outline. WT funded project on the epidemiology of bTB in Cameroon Describe the basic epidemiology Estimate the performance of available diagnostic tests

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Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon

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  1. Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho

  2. Background Design Results Concluding remarks Outline

  3. WT funded project on the epidemiology of bTB in Cameroon Describe the basic epidemiology Estimate the performance of available diagnostic tests Estimate the prevalence of bTB Identify the strains circulating Explore co-infection with liver fluke, paraTB, BVD Estimate human zoonotic TB risk and strains Background

  4. Poorly reported in Africa Potential zoonotic PH problem Infected raw milk or meat Risk to herdsmen/slaughtermen High TB burden linked to HIV Zoonotic component poorly understood Potential for cattle production loss Control based on meat inspection Mycobacterium bovis

  5. Three study components Convenience sample of 4 abattoirs (Bamenda, Ngaoundere, Garoua, Maroua) Population based cross sectional study in 2 areas Human DTC based study in NW Region Focus of talk is on the abattoir study Design M G Nigeria Chad CAR N B

  6. Sampling Design

  7. Collection of blood sample for serological tests

  8. Bamenda TB Lab

  9. Sample Processing GRINDING PASTE MADE Hain MTBC/CM/AS kits Spoligotyping/MIRU-VNTR (Genoscreen) Automated MGITBACTEC 960 SYSTEM LJ Pyruvate LJ Glycerol WGS (ArkGenomics)

  10. Buea Lab

  11. Results abattoir

  12. Results abattoir – proxy age

  13. Abattoir lesions and M bovis All observed Random sample NB. 380 animals had LN culture results NB. 67 had no bovigam results (mainly Garoua + Maroua)

  14. Abattoir results – other Mycobacteria Only 2 animals recorded mixed infections of M bovis and M fortuitumand an untypedMycobacterium species

  15. Results where were zoonotic cases 3 human cases or ~2% of human TB is zoonotic in the NW Region

  16. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Species and Lineages Bamenda samples M. tuberculosis M. bovissub species M. canetti Bamenda samples M. africanum

  17. Spoligotyping SB1026 SB0944 SB0953

  18. Spoligotyping SB0944 SB1026 SB0953

  19. Spoligotyping Nigeria SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB1026 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0944 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0944 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0953 SB0944

  20. Spoligotyping SB1026 SB0953 SB0944 Boyo Menchum Momo Bui Mezam Donga Mantung

  21. Molecular work ongoing • Data analysis still on going • Majority of spoligotype and MIRU-VNTR data still to come • WGS underway

  22. Concluding remarks • Relatively high prevalence of bTB • Range of other Mycobacteria in cattle • M tb and several NTMs • 3 human M bovis cases (yet to be typed) • Represents potential significant human burden • Complex epidemiological situation with transmission in both directions • Currently 3 spoligotypes in NWR • More diversity by MIRU-VNTR • Appear to be widely dispersed • Reinforce meat inspection and condemnation of infected carcasses • Public sensitization particularly around milk consumption • BUT DATA ANALYSIS STILL ON GOING

  23. Questions?

  24. Partners • UoEdinburgh, UK • Mark Bronsvoort (PI) • Rob Kelly (RA/PhD) • Ian Handel • Adrian Muwonge • IRAD, Cameroon • Vincent Tanya (CoPI) • UoBuea, Cameroon • Lucy Ndip (CoPI) • Franklyn Nkongho (PhD) • Swiss TPH • JakobZinstaag (CoPI) • LRVZ de Farcha, Chad • Richard Ngondolo • GIZ/TBRL, Cameroon • Melissa Sander • UoGlasgow, UK • Roman Biek • UoLiverpool, UK • Kenton Morgan • Diana Williams • MINEPIA, Cameroon • Walters Andu • UoNgoundere, Cameroon - Dr Victor Ngwa - Jean Marc Babningom

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