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Internationalisation of Colombian conflict. Why geopolitics and Colombian conflict? The origin of the conflict What’s internationalization? How did it happen? Foreign actors The future. Why geopolitics?. Before it was a taboo Second World War Cold War Internal conflicts
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Internationalisation of Colombian conflict Why geopolitics and Colombian conflict? The origin of the conflict What’s internationalization? How did it happen? Foreign actors The future
Why geopolitics? • Before it was a taboo • Second World War • Cold War • Internal conflicts • Territorial tensions, political actors, delimitated or non delimitated territories
Renaissance of geopolitics • Middle east • Former Yugoslavia • The Soviet Union fall • Ethnic conflicts in Africa • Latin america? • The end of ideologies? • The cuban revolution decadence?
Why does Colombian conflict matter? • One of the oldest internal armed conflicts in the world • Consequences in the country neighbors • One of the less common conflicts in the post Cold War.
Colombian conflict causes • Impossibility to reform the political system from below • Elitist system excluding political alternatives • Impossibility to entail the land reform • Jorge Eliecer Gaitan murder - 1948 • Popular leader • National Front establishment 1957 • Marquetalia offensive -1964 • FARC creation (Colombian Army Revolutionary Forces)
The peace process and its failure • Union Patriotica (UP) party foundation • Truce between Colombian state and the FARC. • Offensive against the FARC • Political genocide against the UP?
Internationalization • What’s internationalisation of an internal armed conflict? • External actors • International law • Diplomacy
Ernesto Samper administration (1994-1998) • Signature of 1949 Geneve Conventions and the 1997 Second Protocol. • Establishment of an agency of United Nations High Commision for Human Rights. • Agreements with International Red Cross.
Andrés Pastrana administration (1998-2002) • Plan Colombia (United States) • Peace talkings with the support of International Community • Delimitarisation zone in the south
Foreign actors • United Nations • United Nations High Commision for Human Rights • General Secretary • Unites States • President • US Congress • Think tanks
Ecuador • Political and territorial tensions • Cuba • Alternative for peace dialogue • Venezuela • Bolivarian revolution
The future • An internationalized conflict that becomes international? • Which borders for the Colombian conflict? • Evolution in the relationship between internal and external geopolitics field