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Ch 2 Early China, Nubia , Meroe, and The First Civilizations in the Americas

Ch 2 Early China, Nubia , Meroe, and The First Civilizations in the Americas. By Koa Knitter & Seamus Hurley . Geography. Early Resources . metals. timber. stone. North China. Millet. Loess soil. -Dry and cool -Yellow River Valley. South China. Rice. Plentiful Rainfall. -Warm

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Ch 2 Early China, Nubia , Meroe, and The First Civilizations in the Americas

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  1. Ch 2 Early China, Nubia, Meroe, and The First Civilizations in the Americas By Koa Knitter & Seamus Hurley

  2. Geography

  3. Early Resources metals timber stone

  4. North China Millet Loess soil -Dry and cool -Yellow River Valley

  5. South China Rice Plentiful Rainfall -Warm -Yangzi River Valley

  6. Early Societies -Land of Neolithic communities -Pigs, Chicken, Millet domesticated -Silk textiles -Bronze Metallurgy

  7. Oracle Bones and Shang Religion and Writing Kings Religion- Worship of male ancestors, Kings were intermediaries between the gods and human world. Developed during Shang Period Today’s Writing Directly related

  8. Shang Technology • Bronze weapons, ceremonial vessels • Horse drawn chariot

  9. Video

  10. Zhou Period 1027-221 B.C.E. • Defeated Shang in the 11th century B.C.E • “Mandate of Heaven” Used by the Zhou to justify their actions in overthrowing the Shang

  11. Zhou Period • Priestly Power of elite faded • Result in separation of religion and govt. • Zhou divided into two periods Western Zhou, and Eastern Zhou

  12. Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou 771- 221 B.C.E. • Like the Shang the Western Zhou had direct control over core territory and administered the peripheral areas indirectly • Eastern Zhou declined in central government as regional elites began to rule territories • Eastern Zhou subdivided into two periods • Spring and Autumn period 771-481 B.C.E/Warring states Period 480-221 B.C.E

  13. Zhou Technology • Construction of long walls for defense • Iron and steel metallurgy • Horse riding Sleeve weight

  14. Eastern Zhou Political Philosophies • Legalism- Human nature is wicked and selfish. People must have strict laws and harsh punishments

  15. Confucianism • Founded by Confucius • Assumes that human nature is essentially good. • Hierarchical view of universe, society, and family • Not influential with it’s founding, but became the dominant political philosophy in the future.

  16. Daoism • Founded by Laozi • Universe is constantly changing • No real moral standards • People should take life as it comes to them. • “Whatever attitude”

  17. Eastern Zhou Society • Development of the three generation family • Concept of Private Property • Privately owned land • Women were subordinate to hierarchy • Yin and Yang • Yin-male- Bright, Shining, Active • Yang-Female- moon, passive, shaded

  18. 3100 B.C.E – 350 B.C.E NubiA

  19. Geography

  20. Gold Copper Semiprecious Stones Resources

  21. 5th millennium foragers moved to agriculture Egypt sends donkey caravans to trade in 2300 B.C.E OLD Kingdom Nubia

  22. Egypt has aggressive push into Nubia Wanted to control trade and gold mines MIDDLE Kingdom Nubia

  23. Kush is an area in Nubia Started around 1750 B.C.E People skilled in metalworking/pottery The Nubian Kush

  24. Egypt crushes Nubian Kush Egypt controls Nubia for 500 years Egyptian culture mixes with Nubian New Kingdom Nubia

  25. Napata was Egyptian capital Meroe became new capital after fall of Egypt Nubia’s cultural Renaissance Meroe 800 B.C.E – 350 B.C.E

  26. In 701 B.C.E offered to help Palestine against Assyrian Empire Assyria invaded Egypt and pushed Nubia back Overran by nomads in 4th century Fall of Meroe

  27. Celtic Europe 1000 B.C.E – 50 B.C.E

  28. Geography

  29. Resources • Timber • Metals • Rivers

  30. Early Celts • Lived in Europe for thousands of years • Around 500 B.C.E. they began trading with Mediterranean • Lived in or near hill forts

  31. Celts Spread Across Europe

  32. Celtic People • 3 classes • Men • Women • Ruled by kings • Druids

  33. Celtic Skills • Metallurgy • Building ships • Agriculture

  34. Fall of the Celts • Roman conquest • Germanic invasions • Celts pushed to NW France, Scotland, Ireland, and Whales

  35. Olmec and Chavin 1200 B.C.E – 250 B.C.E

  36. Geography

  37. Mesoamerica Olmec • Mexico area • Flourished between 1200-400 B.C.E • Early people depended on plants and fishing • Resources

  38. Olmec capitals • 1st capital was San Lorenzo (1200-900) • 2nd capital La Venta (900-600) • 3rd capital Tres Zapotes (600-400) • Evolved independently • Each was destroyed

  39. Olmec culture • Large platforms of packed earth • High quality crafts • Homes • Diet

  40. Olmec Politics • They had kings • Associated with the gods • Built impressive structures

  41. Olmec Religion • Polytheistic • Shamans

  42. Chavin • Peru area • Dominant between 900 – 250 B.C.E • Relied on the coast and Andes • Capital was Chavin de Huantar

  43. Chavin Culture • Extreme architectural structures • Distributed food • Llamas • Intersection of trade routes

  44. Chavin Art • Used natural resources • Crowns, pottery, jewelry • Skilled artisans

  45. Chavin Religion • Center of civilization • Influence depended on religion • Often seen in art

  46. THE End

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