Status of trial-ready GPRS and UMTS networks in the trial countries

1. Status of trial-ready GPRS and UMTS networks in the trial countries Telefónica Móviles España

2. GPRS and UMTS state in each trial site Technical requirements and limitations in each trial scenario Status of trial-ready GPRS and UMTS networks in the trialcountries

3. Operators GPRS communication infrastructure: Commercially available providers GPRS roaming partnership Coverage maps UMTS state Sweden The Netherlands Germany Spain GPRS and UMTS situation in each trial site

4. Operator: Telefónica Móviles España GPRS communication infrastructure: Commercially available provider: Nokia GPRS roaming partnership: GPRS and UMTS situation in Spain

5. GPRS Coverage maps: GPRS and UMTS situation in Spain TME offers national coverage for GPRS network GPRS coverage in Barcelona city and surroundings, where the trials will take place

6. UMTS state: Telefónica Móviles España has UMTS radio coverage in 21 Spanish cities since the 1st June 2002. TME is working in the commercial launching for the beginning of 2004. Anyway, the availability of UMTS devices will determine the commercial launching of UMTS services. Due to the problems for the deployment of new antenna in urban zones, the UMTS test bed for the trials will be limited to restricted points of coverage. We are working on having a test bed in Madrid during the trials for a limited period of time. Interoperability issues make difficult to be ready in Barcelona area during the project. GPRS and UMTS situation in Spain

7. Operators: O2 (GPRS) and Vodafone (UMTS) GPRS communication infrastructure: Commercially available provider: Ericsson GPRS roaming partnership: O2 offers GPRS roaming service in Germany GPRS and UMTS situation in The Netherlands

8. Coverage maps: GPRS and UMTS situation in The Netherlands O2 provides coverage to the 98% of the population. GPRS coverage in Enschede and surroundings, where the trials will take place • UMTS state: Vodafone will provide its pre-commercial UMTS network infrastructure in the Twente region for the MobiHealth trials during a limited period of time.

9. Operators: D2-Vodafone (GPRS) GPRS communication infrastructure: Commercially available provider: Siemens GPRS roaming partnership: D2-Vodafone has GPRS roaming agreement with Vodafone in the Netherlands GPRS and UMTS situation in Germany

10. Coverage maps: GPRS and UMTS situation in Germany D2-Vodafone provides coverage to the 98% of the population. GPRS coverage in Duigsburg and surroundings, where the trials will take place • UMTS state: There will not be a UMTS test in Germany in a first step. At a later stage, it is possible that there will be any contact with a German mobile operator for the UMTS trials.

11. Operators: Telia GPRS communication infrastructure: Commercially available provider: Ericsson / Nokia GPRS roaming partnership: Telia has GPRS roaming agreements with 18 mobile operators in 16 countries around the world. The interesting roaming partnerships for the project are: GPRS and UMTS situation in Sweden

12. Coverage maps: GPRS and UMTS situation in Sweden GPRS coverage offered by Telia. GPRS coverage in Lulea and surroundings, where the trials will take place

13. UMTS state: Telia and Tele2 have 50-50 partnership in Svenska UMTS-Nät AB, the company responsible for the third generation UMTS network in Sweden. Telia and Tele2 have rolled out base stations in most Swedish cities according to the commitment to PTS (Post och Telestyrelsen) in Sweden. Telia don’t support 3G commercial services at the moment, but will start testing UMTS services soon. Telia will intend to incorporate MobiHealth trials in the overall service tests. This means also that the MobiHealth UMTS trials might be moved from Luleå area to some other test site. GPRS and UMTS situation in Sweden

14. Some important issues to be considered while defining the communication infrastructure between the BAN and the client application in the hospital are: Technical requirements and limitations in each trial scenario • Bandwidth • Coverage and availability • Reliability • Traffic management • Security • Mobility

15. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 GPRS and UMTS rates Radio Carrier: 8 channels GSM Voice: 1 conversation  1 channel 1 channel for GSM data  9.6 kbps GPRS: Use of until 8 channels per user Depending on the code algorithm, we can get several transmission rates: CS- 1: 9.05 kbps/slot CS- 3: 15.6 kbps/slot CS- 2: 13.4 kbps/slot CS- 4: 21.4 kbps/slot Actually terminals use different number of slots: 4 (downlink) + 2 (uplink) UMTS: 64 Kbps (both Uplink and Downlink). Circuit switching domain (CSD) 128 Kbps (both Uplink and Downlink). Packet switching domain (PSD)

16. GPRS  The maximum bit rate depends mainly on the number of available timeslots and the coding scheme used for the communication. UMTS We assume a link of 64 kbps Bandwidth According to the technology available today: Codings schemes CS1 and CS2 Terminals (2 time slots for the uplink), and considering a maximum data overhead/loss rate of 10%, the maximum bit rate for GPRS and UMTS are:

17. The required bandwidth and the transmission times depend on the amount of data generated by the BAN (according to the used sensors and the duration of the measurement session) and the technology used for transmitting. Two options for transmitting: Real–time transmission -> The link has to offer enough bandwidth No real-time transmission:  Maximum transmission time (for the worse case: CS1 / 1TS)  Minimum transmission time (for the best case: CS2 / 2TS) Bandwidth

18. Bandwidth for real time transmission

19. Times of transmission

20. GPRS coverage is guaranteed in all the trials sites (Barcelona city in Spain, Lulea region in Sweden, Enschede centre in the Netherlands and Duisburg region in Germany). UMTS coverage is not guaranteed because european 3G operators haven’t launched commercial UMTS services. Telia and TME intention is to provide UMTS test beds but they can´t guarantee their availability in the location of the trial sites during the project. Coverage and availability

21. Several tests have been achieved over O2, TME and Telia GPRS networks in order to measure the reliability of GPRS networks in the project: Measurements of TCP/UDP performance over the O2 (The Netherlands) and TME (Spain) GPRS networks TCP (Transport Control Protocol) suitable for BAN control data from the end-host to the BAN UDP (User Data Protocol) suitable for sending BAN data (assuming some data loss) The performance of nowadays' GPRS networks might be sufficient to meet the data rates needed in 90 % of the MobiHealth trials Meaurements of throughput and latencyover the Telia (Sweden) GPRS network: It is necessary to develop network aware applications that can adapt to the latency by deploying appropriate buffering schemes. Reliability

22. Data transmission has priority over voicetransmission in data dedicated channels. The number of physical channels used for packet datatraffic depends on the data traffic congestion and the voice traffic. Depending on the number of dedicated channel in the trial location, the traffic congestion and the voice traffic, the data traffic offered by the operators involved in the trials will be affected. Traffic management

23. Two security services are required to guarantee the confidentiality of patient information: Data Confidentialityto protect the transmitted patients data from unwanted access. User and server authentication to ensure the identity of the patients sending the data and the server that is receiving the data. Two different security protocols will be used in the path from the BAN to the server: Transport Layer SSL connection, with data encryption and X.509 certificates-based client and Server authentication. Data link layer level security provided by the GPRS Radio Access Network, with terminal authentication and data encryption. Several tests of the performance of security packages for the MBU have been achieved over the TME GPRS network. Security

24. Roaming functionality allows the users to establish GPRS connections from a foreign countryaccording to the roaming agreement. If the user roams to another network during a GPRS connection, the link goes down. In the same network, handovers don't produce any disconnection. Regarding to UMTS, network operators in general don’t expect to support roaming functionality in their first phase. UMTS handover could be supported. Mobility

25. GPRS services are fully available in all the trial scenarios locations (Barcelona city in Spain, Lulea region in Sweden, Enschede centre in the Netherlands and Duisburg region in Germany). The current situation of UMTS is not suitable for a complete evaluation of medical applications because only test beds, short periods of trials and prototype terminals can be achieved. The technical requirements of the trial scenarios related to bandwidth, coverage, availability, reliability, traffic management, security, and mobility can be fulfilled by the nowadays GPRS technology. Conclusions