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IPv6: The Next Generation

IPv6: The Next Generation. Saroj Patil Nadine Sundquist Chuck Short CS622-F2007 University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Dr. C. Edward Chow. IPv6 New Features. New header format Larger address space Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure

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IPv6: The Next Generation

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  1. IPv6: The Next Generation Saroj Patil Nadine Sundquist Chuck Short CS622-F2007 University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Dr. C. Edward Chow

  2. IPv6 New Features • New header format • Larger address space • Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure • Stateless and stateful address configuration • Built-in security – Authentication and Encryption • New protocol for neighboring node interaction • Extensibility – Add extension headers

  3. IPv6 Header

  4. IPv6 Addressing • RFC 1884: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt • Three types • Unicast • Packet delivered to a single interface. • Anycast • Packet delivered to the nearest of a set of interfaces. • Multicast • Packet delivered to all interfaces in a set. • Note: Multicast supersedes Broadcast

  5. Unicast IPv6 Addresses • Global Addresses: Equivalent of IPv4 addresses and are used in IPv6. • Site-local Addresses: Deprecated by the Internet Engineering Task Force. • Link-local Addresses: Equivalent of IPv5-based Automatic Private IP Addressing. • Unique Local Addresses (local addresses): Replacement of Site-local Addresses. • Address Selection Rules • Source and Destination Address Selection for IPv6

  6. Addressing Formats • Three formats • Preferred • 8 (16 bit fields), hexedecimal, separated by colons (:) • 1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd • Compressed • Leading zeroes removed • abcd:0000:0000:0000:0bcd:0000:0000:0000 • abcd::bcd:0:0:0 • Transition • IPv4- compatible • IPv4-mapped

  7. IPv4 and IPv6 • Dual IP Layer ArchitectureDual Stack Architecture Windows Vista and LonghornWindows Server 2003 and XP

  8. IPv6 over IPv4 Tunneling • The IPv4 Protocol field is set to 41 to indicate an encapsulated IPv6 packet. • The Source and Destination fields are set to IPv4 addresses of the tunnel endpoints.

  9. Tunnel Configuration Example

  10. Types of Tunnels • Configured • Manual configuration of endpoints • Typically router-to-router • Automatic • Intra-site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) • Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet. • 6to4 • Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet. • Teredo • Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet over network address translators (NATs). • IPv6 Automatic Tunneling • Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 network that uses public IPv4 addresses. • 6over4 • Used for unicast or multicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet.

  11. Migrating to IPv6 • Upgrade your applications to be independent of IPv6 or IPv4. • Update the DNS infrastructure to support IPv6 address and PTR records. • Upgrade hosts to IPv6/IPv4 nodes. • Hosts must be upgraded to use a dual IP layer or dual IP stack. • Upgrade routing infrastructure for native IPv6 routing. • Convert IPv6/IPv4 nodes to IPv6-only nodes.

  12. Lessons Learned • Windows is more difficult than Fedora to configure as a router. • ISATAP router useful if one has complete control of the IPv4 and IPv6 networks. • Difficult to unbind Fedora VMWare MAC address. • Difficult to create configuration manual due to conflicting and confusing instructions in the Internet community.

  13. Future Work • Add a 6to4 Tunnel on the test network connected to the Internet. • Step-by-step manual explaining how to configure Fedora Core 7 and Windows Server 2008 (“Longhorn”) in an IPv6 and IPv4 environment. • Consistent instructions on how to configure a network that uses different types of tunneling.

  14. References • http://www.ciscopress.com • http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers • http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/b2c271bf-abd1-4218-87a9-176dcdd83b1b1033.mspx?mfr=true • http://www.onclick.com/it275/2001/fall/frames.htm • http://www.ip6.com/us/book/ • http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1981.txt • http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt • http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt • http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2893.txt • http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726951.aspx • http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/9/b/e9bd20d3-cc8d-4162-aa60-3aa3abc2b2e9/IPv6.doc • Leon-Garcia, Alberto and Indra Widjaja. Communication Networks: Fundamental Concepts and Key Architectures. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York. 2004

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