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African Americans in US History: Civil Rights Movement

Explore the significant events, influential people, and key milestones of the Civil Rights Movement in African American history, from the abolitionists to the landmark Supreme Court cases and the rise of prominent leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X.

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African Americans in US History: Civil Rights Movement

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  1. African Americans in US History:Civil Rights Movement

  2. People Crispus Attucks Nat Turner Denmark Vessey Fredrick Douglas Harriet Tubman Sojourner Truth Hiram Revels Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois Marcus Garvey Phillip Randolph Thurgood Marshall Rosa Parks Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X Stockey Carmichael Jesse Jackson People

  3. Selma, Alabama 1965 Protest Little Rock, Arkansas; Central High School (desegregation) Greensboro, Alabama Sit Ins 1960 SNCC= Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Nation of Islam Black Panthers Abolitionists North Star Slave Codes Reconstruction 13th Amendment- Abolishes Slavery 14th Amendment- guarantees equal treatment under the law 15th Amendment- citizenship for people born in US 24th Amendment- Abolishes Poll Tax Black Codes Tuskegee Institute NAACP Plessey v. Fergusson-1896 Separate but equal ok Desegregation of Military 1948 Brown v. Board of Education 1954 (Topeka) overturns Plessey v. Ferguson Montgomery, Alabama- Bus Boycott SCLC= Southern Christian Leadership Conference

  4. Civil Rights Progress in Eisenhower Administration • Conditions were ready for change • Returning veterans • Black Urban Middle Class grows • Educated black leaders • Support the beginning of change

  5. Desegregation of the Schools Brown v. Board of Education (1954) (web site) • Civil Rights attorneys wanted to end segregation in the schools • Supreme Court ruled in 1896= Plessy v. Fergesun that segregation was constitutional if equal (Brown Case overturns Plessy) • Schools were clearly unequal (money per pupil and conditions) • Thurgood Marshall- the lead attorney attacked the concept of “Separate but equal” • Worked for NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (created by W. E. B. Dubois 1909) • Case was Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas • Marshall argued “Segregation saddled blacks with permanent sense of inferiority.” Caused ambition and self esteem to drop

  6. Marshall • Thurgood Marshall • Will later be appointed • First African American to • Supreme Court 1967 President Johnson nominated Marshall for Supreme Court Justice

  7. Warren Court • Earl Warren- moderate Republican Supreme Court Chief Justice • Appointed by Eisenhower (Eisenhower later regrets this appointment) • “We conclude that in the field of public education, the doctrine of “Separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” • Ordered the states to create public school systems free of racial discrimination with “All deliberate speed.”

  8. Central High, Little Rock Arkansas • Court order in Little Rock • Central High must be integrated • Governor Orval Faubus tried to prevent- citing public safety • Angry white mobs try to prevent integration- some of the worst racial hatred displayed • Eisenhower dispatches 101st Air Born to protect African American students

  9. 1955 Montgomery Bus BoycottAlabama • Everything was segregated in Alabama including buses • Rosa Parks, a trained member of the NAACP, was on a bus and refused to move back and give up her seat to a white man. • Action caused her arrest and a spontaneous boycott movement of the bus company • Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent leader in the Montgomery community, and takes the lead in the city bus boycott. • Protested inequality of treatment and injustice with Non-Violent Resistance and Civil Disobedience • SCLC

  10. MLK and Boycott • Boycott lasts 13 months • 1956 Supreme court ruled that segregation of busses was unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment (Civil Rights) • Through the boycott: • MLK was Arrested, his house was bombed • The leading African American Civil Rights group emerges: Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) MLK president 1957

  11. Images of Montgomery

  12. 1960 Greensboro, North Carolina • Students in North Carolina • Stage a massive Sit in- at Woolworth Department store lunch counter in a effort to integrate this private establishment • Student activists create Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) • Similar protests developed throughout the south.

  13. Civil Rights Bill 1957 • 1957 • Congress Passed 1st Civil Rights Bill since reconstruction • Created Civil Rights Commission and Civil and Rights Division of Justice Department • Focus was voting rights

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