Describe the education colonial children received.

1. Objectives • Describe the education colonial children received. • Summarize the development of poetry and literature in colonial America. • Explain how the Great Awakening affected the colonies. • Explain how the colonies were affected by the spread of new ideas.

2. Terms and People • public schools – schools supported by taxes • dame schools – schools that women opened in their homes to teach girls and boys to read and write • Anne Bradstreet – the first colonial poet • Phillis Wheatley – America’s first poet of African descent • Benjamin Franklin – a colonial writer, scientist, inventor, businessman, community leader, and diplomat

3. Terms and People (continued) • Jonathan Edwards – a Massachusetts preacher who was a leader in the Great Awakening • natural rights – rights that belong to every human being from birth • divine right – the belief that monarchs get their authority to rule directly from God • separation of powers – division of the power of government into separate branches

4. How did ideas about religion and government influence colonial life? The Great Awakening, one of the first national movements in the colonies, reinforced democratic ideas. The Enlightenmentinformed colonists’ ideas about the structure of government and the rights of citizens.

5. The Puritans passed laws that required towns of a certain size to open schools. These Massachusetts laws were the beginning of public schools in America. Puritan schools were run with both private and public money.

6. Puritan education laws werenot completely compulsory (mandatory). School Attendance Some towns paid a fine rather than set up a school. Laws that required all children to attend school did not begin until the late 1800s.

8. Some girls attended colonial elementary schools, while others went to dame schools.

9. Most schools were restricted to white children, but one New York school taught free African Americans, Native Americans, and poor whites. Some Quaker and Anglican missionaries taught enslaved people to read. After that was outlawed, some enslaved people taught themselves, while others passed on theirknowledge in secret.

11. The earliest forms of colonial literature were sermons and histories. • Anne Bradstreetpublished a book of poetry in 1650. • Phillis Wheatley, an enslaved African in Boston, saw her first poem published in the 1760s. Phillis Wheatley

12. At age 17, Benjamin Franklin started the Pennsylvania Gazette,which became the most widely read newspaper in the colonies. Franklin also wrote Poor Richard’s Almanack (1733–1753) and a vivid autobiography. Franklin eventually became one of the founders of the United States.

14. The Great Awakening led to: more tolerance of religious differencesin the colonies. the rise of many new churches, such as the Methodists and the Baptists. the split of many churches, such as the Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed, and Congregational churches.

15. Starting in the late 1600s, a group of European thinkers started an intellectual movement called theEnlightenment. These thinkers believed all problems could be solved byhuman reason. The Enlightenment reached its height in the mid-1700s in France.

16. In 1690, an Englishman named John Lockepublishedthe influential work Two Treatises on Government. In this work, Locke argued that people have certain inalienablenatural rightsthat include life, liberty, and property.

17. Locke challenged the idea of divine right, arguing instead that God grants natural rights to the people.

18. Locke wrote that people formed governments in order to protect their rights. If a monarch violates those rights, the people have a right tooverthrow the monarch. Monarch The People This idea would later shape the founding of the United States.

19. A French thinker, theBaron de Montesquieu, also influenced American ideas. In his 1748 book, The Spirit of the Laws, he argued for separation of powers in government. He said separation of powers keeps any one person or group from gaining too much power.

20. Montesquieu suggested that government should bedivided into three branches: executive judicial legislative This division of power became the basis of government in the United States.

21. Chapter 4 section 4 The Age of Enlightenment 1st Paragraph- opens with an interesting first sentence- use divine right in many European nations - T A G these ideas of the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu greatly influenced the formation of the United States.

22. Chapter 4 section 4 The Age of Enlightenment 1st Paragraph- opens with an interesting first sentence- use divine right in many European nations - Many European monarchs used divine right to stricly govern their subjects. T A G these ideas of the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu greatly influenced the formation of the United States.

23. 2nd Paragraph- Explain the ideas of both divine right and idea of Enlightenment. Divine right--- defined as=== Why used—Monarchs used divine right to restrict the rights of their subjects. Enlightenment- the period during the mid-1700s were human reason was used to solve problems. Philosophers used their thoughts to reshape the way governments were organized.

24. 3rd Paragraph Locke- believed that people had Natural Rights According to Locke these rights could be defined as- If a monarch violated a person’s rights- citizens could revolt against their government. Locke’s beliefs set the stage for- the American Revolution. Because a monarch had- treated their subjects unfairly and many rights were denied.

25. 3rd Paragraph Locke- believed that people had Natural rights. According to Locke these rights could be defined as- use your vocabulary sheets If a monarch violated a person’s rights- the government should be changed. Locke’s beliefs set the stage for-the American Revolution

26. 4th Paragraph Montesquieu stated that government should be______________, __________, and ______________. Montesquieu stated that – He believed this protected citizens from- This division of power was later used-

27. 4th Paragraph Montesquieu stated that government should be defined, limited and separated. Montesquieu stated that – separation of powers—define it--- He believed this protected citizens from- a person or group from gaining too much political power. This division of power was later used- as the basis for the American system of government.

28. 5th Paragraph T A G - Good ending sentence- create a great ending sentence about Locke and Montesquieu---

29. Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz