CCOT

1. CCOT Change AND Continuity over Time AP World History Mr. Becker (with thanks to Mrs. Bui)

2. Purpose: • To evaluate your ability to analyze historical changes and continuities that have shaped social, political, economic developments in history and to gauge your analysis of global processes. • This is really a high level analysis of history.

3. Prompt Example • Analyze continuities and change in patterns of interaction along the Silk Road from 200 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E.

4. Scoring Worksheet/Rubric • Thesis (1 point) • Includes both changes and continuities (2 points) • Uses accurate historical evidence (2 points) • Uses global historical context (1 point) • Analyzes process of change and/or continuity (1 point)

5. Rubric--Thesis • Thesis that answers the question (1 point) • Must include both a change and a continuity • Ex. “While goods traded and nations and people involved changed over time, the continuous flow of new technology, religions, customs, ideas and occasional plague never abated.”

6. Rubric—Change and Continuity • Addresses both changes and continuities (2 points) • In other words, both must be discussed at some point in the essay. • Ex. changes in the amount of trade, ideas and goods exchanged, etc. Continuity in that religion and ideas spread continuously

7. Changes: • Must discuss, utilize concrete detail and analyze changes that occurred relevant to the prompt and correctly! • If the prompt discusses command terms (social and economic) you need to focus on social and economic. • If your prompt is more vague- you need to think of aspects on which to base your analysis- use the PERSIAN chart!

8. Continuities • The prompt also asks you to address continuities--generally these are patterns or cultural tendencies that remain stagnant for years and years. • Example: Think of role of women, religions, philosophies or clash/conflict between the social classes. • You need to have concrete detail to back up your continuity however.

9. Rubric--Evidence • Provide as much detailed, concrete evidence as possible. Also use key terms whenever possible • E.g.—Han China, Roman Empire, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Abassid Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Bubonic Plague, Mongols, ship-building and navigational technologies

10. Rubric—Global Context • Must be able to connect the analysis to a larger global phenomenon; e.g. patriarchy in civilizations, global trade systems, etc. • In other words, how can you connect larger forces to the question you are answering: How did the fall of the classical empires impact Silk Road trade? How did the rise of Indian Ocean trading impact Silk Road trade?

11. Rubric—Process of Change • Analyzes process of change over time and/or continuity (1 point) • Not just what changed or stayed the same, but why • Could be either change or continuity • E.g. The amount of trade fell by 600 C.E. This is due to the fall of the Han and Roman Empires. Because these large empires could no longer guarantee safety for travelers, interactions became more dangerous and the overall amount of trade thus declined

12. STEPS TO WRITING AN EFFECTIVE CCOT • You must create a baseline at the starting point of the prompt • E.g. what interactions were happening on the Silk Road in 200 • Rise of classical empires; rising demand for goods and interactions (e.g. Buddhism)

13. STEPS TO WRITING AN EFFECTIVE CCOT • You should discuss important change points within the time period, not just at the end • Change rarely happens quickly—it usually occurs in stages over time. • Example—trade flourished between 200 BCE and 200 CE, then declined somewhat from 200 CE to 1200 CE, then rose again from 1200 to 1450 under PaxMongolica.

14. Paragraph Construction • Intro: background statement with date, intro for reader. Thesis that answers in detail the question. • BODY: will depend on prompt. You can choose to format it two ways. • PERSIAN: Social paragraph in which you discuss the social starting point, social changes and analyze OR…. • TIME: Starting point: In which you will address and analyze the social, political and economic starting points. Second body paragraph would then discuss social, political and economic transition.

15. Prompt 1 Key social and political changes to keep in mind: Aztec and Inca prior to 1450 What political and social systems are in place How do Spanish change social system--think creoles, mestizos, etc. What new kinds of peoples were introduced? What happened to overall population? How was the colony managed politically? Labor systems—encomienda and mita Possible continuities?

16. By 600 CE, some Indian Ocean trade, but it really gets going after this point Changes in the period 600 to 1450? What new religious group gets involved? What regions are connected? What ideas and goods are being exchanged? Changes after 1450—what new group enters the trade? How do they alter balance? Possible continuities?

17. Prompt 3 What was going on socially and economically in Europe, the Americas and Africa prior to 1492? What changed in each place? Think Columbian Exchange, silver, sugar, slavery, potatoes, smallpox, inflation, world trade, population numbers (demographics) and makeup of each region Possible continuities?

18. Read primary source from King Afonso of Kongo to Portuguese King What impacts is slave trade having on his country? What is his attitude about it?